1、 PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION IEC PAS 62344Pre-Standard First edition2007-05 General guidelines for the design of ground electrodes for high-voltage direct current(HVDC)links Reference number IEC/PAS 62344:2007(E)LICENSED TO MECON Limited.-RANCHI/BANGALOREFOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,S
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8、c.ch Tel.:+41 22 919 02 11 Fax:+41 22 919 03 00 LICENSED TO MECON Limited.-RANCHI/BANGALOREFOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATIONIEC PAS 62344Pre-Standard First edition2007-05 General guidelines for the design of ground electrodes for h
9、igh-voltage direct current(HVDC)links PRICE CODE X For price,see current catalogueCommission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission LICENSED TO MECON Limited.-RANCHI/BANGALOREFOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.2 PAS 62344 IEC:2007(
10、E)CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Basic concepts.6 2.1 Monopolar system.6 2.2 Bipolar system.7 2.3 Mixed or combined systems.8 3 Electric field as the decisive factor for selection of site.9 3.1 Why is the electric field the decisive factor?.9 3.2 Data necessary to determine the field
11、.9 3.2.1 Reference currents(or electrode rating).9 3.2.2 Resistivity data.9 3.3 Considerations on site selection.9 3.4 Calculation of field.10 3.5 Apparent resistivity.11 4 Impact of the field on buried metallic objects.11 4.1 Impact on non-insulated buried metallic objects.11 4.2 Impact on insulate
12、d metallic objects.12 4.3 Impact on an a.c.grid.12 4.4 Reduction of impact due to polarization.14 4.4.1 Polarization on non-insulated metallic objects.14 4.4.2 Polarization on insulated metallic objects.16 4.4.3 Reduction of star-point currents due to polarization.16 5 Compass errors.17 6 Types of e
13、lectrode stations.17 7 Design aspects for land electrodes.18 7.1 General.18 7.2 Heating of soil.19 7.3 Moisture content of soil/electric osmosis.20 7.4 Material for land electrodes.20 7.4.1 Inner conductor.20 7.4.2 Coke or graphite powder filling.21 7.5 Geometric layout of the electrode.22 7.5.1 Hor
14、izontal arrangements.22 7.5.2 Vertical arrangements.24 7.6 Step voltage.24 7.7 Touch voltage.25 8 Design aspects for sea electrodes.25 8.1 General.25 8.2 Sea electrodes using titanium as active part(anodic operation).26 8.2.1 Material.26 8.2.2 Current density and gradients.26 8.2.3 Geometric layout.
15、26 8.3 Sea electrodes using coke or SiFeCr-rods as active parts(reversible operation).27 8.3.1 Overheating risk.27 8.3.2 Material for sea electrodes.27 LICENSED TO MECON Limited.-RANCHI/BANGALOREFOR INTERNAL USE AT THIS LOCATION ONLY,SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU.PAS 62344 IEC:2007(E)3 8.3.3 Geomet
16、ric layout of reversible sea electrodes.28 8.4 Sea electrodes using bare copper conductors as active parts(cathodic operation only).28 9 Design aspects for shore electrodes.30 9.1 General.30 9.2 Beach electrode stations.30 9.3 Pond electrode stations.32 10 Chemical aspects.34 11 Connection converter station Electrode station.35 11.1 Separation of a.c.grid from electrode station.35 11.2 Constructional principles of electrode connection.36 11.3 Detection of faults on electrode connections.36 11.4