1、Information technology Top-level ontologies(TLO)Part 1:Requirements ISO/IEC 2021INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC21838-1Reference numberISO/IEC 21838-1:2021(E)First edition2021-08 ISO/IEC 21838-1:2021(E)ii ISO/IEC 2021 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2021All rights reserved.Unles
2、s otherwise specified,or required in the context of its implementation,no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,electronic or mechanical,including photocopying,or posting on the internet or an intranet,without prior written permission.Permission
3、 can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCP 401 Ch.de Blandonnet 8CH-1214 Vernier,GenevaPhone:+41 22 749 01 11Email:copyrightiso.orgWebsite:www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerland ISO/IEC 21838-1:2021(E)Foreword.ivIntr
4、oduction.v1 Scope.12 Normative references.13Termsanddefinitions.24 Requirements for a top-level ontology.54.1 TLO as textual artefact.54.1.1 Overview.54.1.2 Relations between textual artefact and axiomatizations of the TLO.64.2 Axiomatization in the Web Ontology Language(OWL 2 with direct semantics)
5、.64.2.1 General.64.2.2 Alternative OWL 2 Axiomatization.74.3 Axiomatization in a CL-conforming language.74.4 Supplementary documentation.74.4.1 Overview.74.4.2 Documentation of the purpose of the TLO.84.4.3 Documentation concerning demonstration of conformance of a domain ontology to the TLO.84.4.4
6、Documentation concerning consistency of the CL axiomatization.84.4.5 Documentation concerning the relation between OWL and CL axiomatizations.84.4.6 Documentation demonstrating breadth of coverage.94.4.7 Domain neutrality.134.4.8 Ontology management.135 Conformity.135.1 Overview.135.2 Ontology docum
7、entation.145.3 Supplementary documentation.14Annex A(informative)Examples of ontology suites.15Annex B(informative)Thedefinitionofontology.16Annex C(informative)Examples of documentation demonstrating breadth of coverage.19Annex D(informative)Conformance of a domain ontology to a TLO.21Bibliography.
8、23 ISO/IEC 2021 All rights reserved iiiContents Page ISO/IEC 21838-1:2021(E)ForewordISO(the International Organization for Standardization)and IEC(the International Electrotechnical Commission)form the specialized system for worldwide standardization.National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC pa
9、rticipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest.Other international organizations,governmenta
10、l and non-governmental,in liaison with ISO and IEC,also take part in the work.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives,Part 1.In particular,the different approval criteria needed for the different types of doc
11、ument should be noted.This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives,Part 2(see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members _experts/refdocs).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig
12、hts.ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received(see www.iso.org/patents)or the IEC list of pat
13、ent declarations received(see patents.iec.ch).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards,the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
14、assessment,as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization(WTO)principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.In the IEC,see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1,Infor
15、mation technology,Subcommittee SC 32,Data management and interchange.A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 21838 series can be found on the ISO website.Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the users national standards body.A complete listing of these bodies can be found at w
16、ww.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-committees.iv ISO/IEC 2021 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 21838-1:2021(E)IntroductionThis document was developed in response to the demand from many quarters for ontology-based solutions to the problem of semantic interoperability across networks of information systems.The demand arises particularly from large organizations and consortia of organizations in areas such as bioinformatics,healthcare,the manufacturing industry and military and government