1、第 12 卷 第 4 期2023 年 4 月Vol.12 No.4Apr.2023储能科学与技术Energy Storage Science and Technology光伏系统液流电池储能优化配置郭霄宇，于浩，郑新，刘雨佳，左元杰，张苗苗（北京和瑞储能科技有限公司，北京 102209）摘要：液流电池具有长时储能成本低、系统安全性高等特点，适用于大规模长时储能的应用场景，通过对液流电池系统进行合理的规划配置，可以平抑新能源发电系统的间歇性和波动性，对于保障电网安全稳定运行具有重要意义。目前缺乏基于液流电池技术特性和运行特性展开的新能源系统与液流电池优化配置方法研究，随着我国能源快速转型，充分发
2、挥液流电池技术及运行特点，优化配置新能源系统中液流电池容量，对建立新型电力系统有着积极作用。本工作以光伏与液流电池联合发电的局域网为研究对象，提出了适用于光伏系统的液流电池储能优化配置方法，通过对液流电池系统中各个模块系统的运行特性、系统初投资和全寿期运维成本进行了深入地研究分析，基于液流电池系统具有功率与容量模块相分离的特点，对大规模液流电池系统的功率和容量配比进行了优化设计。综合液流电池系统模块优化设计的结果，对光伏与液流电池联合发电的局域网系统进行运行策略优化，在保证局域网供电稳定运行的同时，以液流电池系统初投资与全寿期运行成本之和最小为目标函数，求解得到优化液流电池优化配置方案。算例应
3、用表明，大规模液流电池系统功率和容量配置为1 MW/8 MWh时为经济性最优的兆瓦级液流电池模块设计，25年运行期LCOE为0.292元/kWh；在本工作应用的局域网中储能优化配置的目标函数在储能配置为20 MW/160 MWh方案达到最优解。关键词：光储系统；液流电池；储能配置；新能源局域网doi：10.19799/ki.2095-4239.2022.0707 中图分类号：TK 513.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-4239（2023）04-1158-10Optimal configuration of liquid flow battery energy storage in p
4、hotovoltaic systemGUO Xiaoyu,YU Hao,ZHENG Xin,LIU Yujia,ZUO Yuanjie,ZHANG Miaomiao(Beijing Herui Energy Storage Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 102209,China)Abstract:A liquid flow battery has low long-term energy storage cost and high system security,and thus,it is suitable for large-scale long-term ener
5、gy storage application scenarios.The intermittency and fluctuation of the new energy power generation system can be suppressed through reasonable planning and configuration of the liquid flow battery system;this is of great significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.At
6、 present,there is a lack of research on the new energy system and the optimization configuration method of liquid flow battery based on their technical characteristics and operation characteristics.With the rapid transformation of energy in China,giving importance to the technology and operation cha
7、racteristics of liquid flow battery and optimizing their capacity in the new energy system play a positive role in establishing a new power system.Thus,this paper examines the local 储能系统与工程收稿日期：2022-11-30；修改稿日期：2022-12-30。第一作者及通讯联系人：郭霄宇（1993），女，硕士，研究方向为储能技术，E-mail：。引用本文：郭霄宇,于浩,郑新,等.光伏系统液流电池储能优化配置J.储
8、能科学与技术,2023,12(4):1158-1167.Citation：GUO Xiaoyu,YU Hao,ZHENG Xin,et al.Optimal configuration of liquid flow battery energy storage in photovoltaic systemJ.Energy Storage Science and Technology,2023,12(4):1158-1167.第 4 期郭霄宇等：光伏系统液流电池储能优化配置area network(LAN)of photovoltaic and liquid flow battery joint
9、 power generation and proposes the optimal configuration method of liquid flow battery energy storage for photovoltaic system.The initial investment,full life operation,maintenance costs of each module system in the liquid flow battery system were assessed through in-depth research and analysis of o
10、peration characteristics,based on the characteristics of liquid flow battery system that power and capacity modules are separated.The power and capacity ratio of large-scale liquid flow battery system were optimized.Our results show that the operation strategy of the LAN system for photovoltaic and
11、liquid flow battery combined power generation is optimized.While ensuring the stable operation of the LAN power supply,the optimal configuration scheme of the liquid flow battery was obtained by taking the minimum sum of the initial investment of the liquid flow battery system and the full life oper
12、ation cost as the objective function.This shows that the proposed method can obtain the optimal solution of the liquid flow battery energy storage configuration of the photovoltaic system,and the sum of the initial investment and the life-cycle operation and maintenance cost is the minimum.The most
13、economical megawatt liquid flow battery module design is when the power and capacity configuration of large-scale liquid flow battery system is 1 MW/8 MWh,and the LCOE for 25 years of operation is 0.292 yuan/kWh.The objective function of energy storage optimization configuration in the LAN applied i
14、n this paper achieves the optimal solution when the energy storage configuration is 20 MW/160 MWh.Keywords:photovoltaic energy storage system;liquid flow battery;energy storage configuration;new energy LAN近年来在“碳达峰、碳中和”的背景下，新型电力系统以新能源为主的可再生能源装机占比逐渐提高。然而光伏等新能源发电系统的输出功率具有随机性和波动性，不能满足新型电力系统调峰、调频的需求，对新型电
15、力系统的安全稳定运行提出了更高要求1-2。液流电池是一种高效的电化学储能技术3-4，适用于大规模长时储能应用场景。因其具备寿命长、水系电解质高安全性、充放电深度可达100%5和安装灵活性高等特点，已成为规模储能技术领域的首选储能设备之一，在新型电力系统中拥有广阔的市场前景和发展空间。储能系统配置容量与储能类型、电源输出特性、负荷需求特性、项目投资等多方面因素相关。文献6对区域能源系统中配置储能系统容量，构建计及储能系统投资经济性、储能选址和容量优化的双层模型并进行求解。文献7在微电网系统中，根据微电网离网和并网运行状态不同，建立储能配置双层优化模型。文献8以储能配置容量最低为目标函数，建立上层
16、储能容量优化配置，下层储能优化调度模型。文献9从储能系统度电成本，内部收益等角度对储能系统配置进行分析。文献10对可再生能源和负荷需求的不确定性进行了分析，构建了基于分类概率机会约束信息间隙决策理论的储能优化配置模型。将不确定约束等效转换为等价确定约束，对不同置信度区间的储能优化配置进行了详细分析。文献11应用上下限约束法以及加权移动平均控制法，以最小储能配置容量为目标，研究了混合储能装置的容量优化配置方法。文献12针对含分布式电源的储能系统，提出一种考虑风光最大消纳并计及液流电池储能系统动态特性的储能优化配置方法。现有研究中对于储能配置方法基于固定储能装机功率与储能装机容量，液流电池因其装机功率与装机容量可分别考虑，但目前新能源与储能配置研究中缺乏液流电池这种技术特性的考虑，这将会影响配置方法的准确性。综上所述，本工作对光伏系统的液流电池储能配置方法进行研究，选取某光伏系统发电局域网储能配置场景。本文所提储能系统配置方法综合考虑光伏和负荷的波动性特性以及液流电池功率与容量分离的特性，通过对液流电池系统中各模块系统特性及投资成本进行深入研究分析，形成液流电池优11592023 年第 1