1、明智的选择Making The Right Choice消毒剂Sanitizers,第一页，共六十三页。,消毒过程能保证产品的质量及平安Sanitation ProtectsProduct Quality&Safety,第二页，共六十三页。,正确选择的益处Benefits of“Making The Right Choice,良好的口碑减少财务损失符合法规的准那么满足顾客及照顾食品平安带来利润,第三页，共六十三页。,微生物的种类Types of Microorganisms,螺旋菌Spiral Bacteria,球菌Cocci Bacteria,杆菌Rod-Shaped Bacteria,霉菌
2、Molds,酵母Yeast,第四页，共六十三页。,第五页，共六十三页。,常见词汇Sterilant/Sterilize,彻底杀灭所有活的微生物包括细菌孢子,细菌,病毒及真菌高温及化学处理于特定的情况下最为有效主要用于医学界及实验室,第六页，共六十三页。,常见词汇Disinfectant/Disinfect,去除100%可繁殖细胞不能杀灭所有细菌孢子广为医院所采用常用于泳池和食水消毒,第七页，共六十三页。,常见词汇Sanitizer/Sanitize,降卑微生物污染的程度(99.999%)可分为两类:无需过水的消毒剂,用于接触食物外表(No-rinse food contact surface
3、sanitizer)非接触食物外表的消毒剂(Non-food contact surface sanitizer),第八页，共六十三页。,接触食物外表的消毒剂Food Contact Surface SanitizerAOAC Germicidal Detergent Sanitizer Test,25oC 99 ml 配制杀菌液,加 1 ml大肠菌或葡萄球菌,(至少含细胞 7.5 x 107/ml),30秒接触时间,中和 1 ml,存活细胞计数,所需效率在30秒 25oC 杀灭率为 99.999%,第九页，共六十三页。,其他控制微生物的产品List of Other Product Clai
4、ms常见词汇,AlgaecideBiocideAntisepticFungicideSlimicidePreservative,第十页，共六十三页。,United States Environmental Protection Agency,有效去除微生物证明资料 产品化学成份 毒理学资料 标签及技术上资料,EPA,FIFRA,Federal Insecticide,Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,注册消毒剂Sanitizer Registration,第十一页，共六十三页。,EPA Reg.No.1677-58,第十二页，共六十三页。,Food and Drug
5、Administration-FDA,第十三页，共六十三页。,U.S.Departmentof Agriculture-USDA,第十四页，共六十三页。,Health Canada/Canadian Agriculture Food Safety,第十五页，共六十三页。,DIRECTIONS FOR USE:It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling.,第十六页，共六十三页。,使用准那么Usage RestrictionsKey Points:Po
6、table Water 自来水,稀释后即时使用-非循环再用准确的浓度不能过低-效力受质疑不能过高-违反法例,第十七页，共六十三页。,NOTE:FOR MECHANICAL OPERATIONS prepared use solutions may not be reused for sanitizing but may be reused for other purposes such as cleaning.FOR MANUAL OPERATIONS fresh sanitizing solutions should be prepared at least daily or more of
7、ten if the solution becomes diluted or soiled.,第十八页，共六十三页。,获FDA批准无需过水的消毒剂(1998)FDA Approved No-Rinse Food Contact Surface Sanitizers,“氯(Chlorine)二氧化氯(Chlorine dioxide/mixture of oxychloro species)“碘 消毒剂(Iodophors)“季铵(Quaternary ammonium compounds)酸性阴离子消毒剂(Acid-anionic sanitizers)羧酸消毒剂(Carboxylic aci
8、d sanitizers)过氧醋酸(Peroxy acid compounds)酚(Phenolic),第十九页，共六十三页。,氯气Chlorine Gas,氯气(Chlorine Gas)次氯酸钠,次氯酸钙,次氯酸锂(Sodium,calcium,lithium hypochlorites)粉状有机氯性来源:最高浓度-200 ppm available chlorine,第二十页，共六十三页。,NaOCl+H2O HOCl+NaOH Ca(OCl)2+2H2O 2HOCl+Ca(OH)2 Cl2+H2O HOCl+H+Cl-,“氯 于液体的化学作用Chemistry of Chlorinei
9、n Solution,第二十一页，共六十三页。,“氯 的优点Chlorine Advantages,用途广泛能抵受硬水于低温下仍有高效能较为经济不留剩余物/不会形成水垢,100%,50%,0%,HOCI Activity,4 5 6 7 8 9 10pH,第二十二页，共六十三页。,“氯 的缺点Chlorine Disadvantages,可能形成有毒的氯气腐蚀性刺激性不稳定-保存期短可能形成有毒的副产品,Trihalomethane Compounds(THMs),第二十三页，共六十三页。,“碘 消毒剂 Iodophors,碘(Iodine)+外表活性剂(Surfactant)+酸(Acid)
10、最高浓度-25 ppm,第二十四页，共六十三页。,“碘 消毒剂的优点Iodophors Advantages,用途广泛较“氯 温和低毒有效的酸碱度较“氯 广泛-pH 2-8腐蚀性较“氯 低稳定-保存期长颜色容易识别,第二十五页，共六十三页。,酸碱度对“碘 消毒剂的影响Effect of pH on Iodophor Sanitizers,Note:I2 是最有活性的形态,第二十六页，共六十三页。,“碘 消毒剂的缺点Iodophors Disadvantages,沾污非光滑外表及胶制物质对噬菌体作用较低于低温下不能发挥效能高温下会造成腐蚀性不能加热至摄氏120度当使用CIP时,可能引致过多泡沫较
11、“氯 昂贵气味,第二十七页，共六十三页。,“季铵QuaternaryAmmonium ChlorideCompounds,FDA 所允许于食物接触外表，无需过水之消毒浓度-200 ppm,第二十八页，共六十三页。,“季铵 的优点Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compound Advantages,无毒,无嗅,无色不含腐蚀性温度稳定对有机污垢有较稳定的效能用途广泛有较长的残效期有清洁及渗透污垢的能力稳定-保存期长控制霉菌具辟味成效,第二十九页，共六十三页。,“季铵 的缺点Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Compound Disadvantag
12、es,不可与阴离子渗透剂一起使用抵受硬水的能力低于低温下只能发挥有限效能于机械式操作下会产生大量泡沫杀菌能力随配方的不同而有差异,第三十页，共六十三页。,酸性阴离子Acid Anionics,阴离子的外表活性剂(Anionic Surfactants)+酸(Acid)双重作用:消毒及酸性过水(sanitize&acid rinse),第三十一页，共六十三页。,酸性阴离子的优点Acid AnionicsAdvantages,稳定-保存期较长一般不含腐蚀性无染色副作用较少难闻的气味不受硬水影响去除及控制矿物质形成的水垢对噬菌体有良好反响,第三十二页，共六十三页。,酸性阴离子的缺点Acid Anio
13、nicsDisadvantages,高本钱对酸碱度敏感，(理想酸碱度 pH2-3)有限的杀菌力不能杀灭酵母及霉菌潜在腐蚀性(当水质含过高氯化物)高泡沫刺激皮肤受阳离子外表活性剂抑制,第三十三页，共六十三页。,羧酸 Carboxylic Acid,脂肪酸(Fatty acids)+有机酸(organic acids)+矿物酸(mineral acid)双重作用:消毒及酸性过水 sanitize&acid rinse低泡,第三十四页，共六十三页。,羧酸的优点 Carboxylic Acid Advantages,用于 CIP 清洁时，泡沫较少广泛控制细菌活动稳定-保存期较长不受硬水影响去除及控制矿
14、物质形成的水垢无染色副作用,第三十五页，共六十三页。,羧酸的缺点Carboxylic Acid Disadvantages,不能完全控制真菌对酸碱度敏感-理想酸碱度 55oC潜在腐蚀性，需根据器材、物料使用而定,第三十六页，共六十三页。,过氧化物 PeroxyCompounds,H2O2,CH2COOH,H,H,H,H,C,C,O,O,O,+,HydrogenPeroxide,AceticAcid,Peroxyacetic Acid,第三十七页，共六十三页。,过氧醋酸消毒剂Peroxyacetic Acid SanitizerOne of the Most Effective Sanitize
15、rs Against Biofilms,A conductance-based surface disinfection test for food hygiene.Letters in Applied Microbiology.1990.11,255-259.Conclusion:The peracids were the most effective of the compounds tested against organisms present as biofilms.Effect of Cleaners and Sanitizers on Listeria monocytogenes
16、 Attached to Product Contact Surfaces.Journal of Food Protection.1992.Vol.55,No.4,246-251Conclusion:The most effective sanitizers against attached cells on varioussurfaces included OXONIA ACTIVE.Control of Biofilms in Breweries Through Cleaning and Sanitizing.MBAA Technical Quarterly.1992.Vol 29,86-88.Conclusion:Peracetic acid sanitizer provided the greatest reduction in viable biofilm bacteria after a 2 minute contact time.,The following are articles from scientific journals that indicateperoxy