1、植物遗传资源学报 2023，24（3）：719-731DOI：10.13430/ki.jpgr.20220703001Journal of Plant Genetic Resources黄淮冬麦区不同来源地新育成小麦品种性状多样性分析张会芳1，齐红志1，孙岩1，冯晓1，杨翠苹1，卓文飞1，燕照玲1，齐学礼2（1河南省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所，郑州 450002；2河南省作物分子育种研究院，郑州 450003）摘要：为系统了解黄淮冬麦区不同来源地（南片、北片）小麦性状多样性现状，以黄淮冬麦区新育成的109份小麦为材料，采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）、聚类分析、主成分分析、
2、回归模型构建等方法，对黄淮冬麦区新育成小麦的12个农艺及品质性状进行性状多样性分析及综合评价。结果表明，109份小麦中，南片、北片各有84、25个品种，分别占比77.1%、22.9%。强筋、中强筋小麦分别占比11.9%、16.5%，合计占比28.4%。12个性状变异系数在1.66%76.64%，平均为11.37%，稳定时间的变异系数最大，容重的最小。12个性状的H 在1.504.65，平均为3.78，基本苗的H 最小，其余均在3.00以上。北片小麦12个性状的H 均高于南片，增幅为24.7%188.6%，生育期的增幅最小，基本苗的最大。在平方欧氏距离10.0处，黄淮冬麦区109个小麦被聚为六大
3、类，大部分小麦按来源地聚在同一大类。不同来源地的小麦容重、生育期、穗数、吸水率差异达显著或极显著水平，南片比北片分别低0.9%、3.5%、11.0%、4.1%。不同来源地小麦前6个主成分累计贡献率差别较小，南片为80.25%，北片为83.33%。不同来源地综合得分均表现为强筋小麦中强筋和中筋小麦。北片小麦性状的丰富度、均匀性高于南片，进化潜力较高，穗数、穗粒数、容重、蛋白质含量、吸水率5个性状可用于评价小麦的综合表现；南片小麦应积极改良品种，注重品种农艺及品质性状的多样性，拓宽遗传基础，生育期、穗数、产量、容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量6个性状可用于评价小麦的综合表现。关键词：黄淮冬麦区；小麦新
4、品种；多样性指数；聚类分析；综合评价Character Diversity Analysis of New Wheat Varieties from Different Origins in Huang-Huai Winter Wheat RegionZHANG Hui-fang1，QI Hong-zhi1，SUN Yan1，FENG Xiao1，YANG Cui-ping1，ZHUO Wen-fei1，YAN Zhao-ling1，QI Xue-li2（1Institute of Agricultural Economy and Information，Henan Academy of Ag
5、ricultural Sciences，Zhengzhou 450002；2Henan Institute of Crop Molecular Breeding，Zhengzhou 450003）Abstract：In order to systematically understand the current status on the character diversity of wheat varieties from different origins（southern part and northern part）in Huang-Huai winter wheat region，1
6、09 newly-released varieties from this region were investigated in this study.The character diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation based on 12 agronomic and quality traits were carried out by using Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H），cluster analysis，principal component analysis，regression mod
7、el construction，etc.84 and 25 varieties were collected from the southern and northern part of Huang-Huai winter wheat region，accounting for 77.1%and 22.9%，respectively.The wheat varieties showing strong gluten and medium strong gluten accounted for 11.9%and 16.5%respectively，accounting for 28.4%in t
8、otal.The variation coefficient on 12 traits ranged from 1.66%to 76.64%，with an average of 11.37%.The variation coefficient of stabilization time was the largest，and the variation coefficient of bulk density was the smallest.The H index on 12 traits ranged from 1.50 to 4.65，with an average of 3.78.Th
9、e H index on basic seedling was the smallest（1.50），and the rest 收稿日期：2022-07-03 修回日期：2022-10-01 网络出版日期：2022-12-02URL：https：/doi.org/10.13430/ki.jpgr.20220703001第一作者研究方向为农业科技信息分析，E-mail：基金项目：国家小麦产业技术体系专项（CARS-03-7）；2021年度河南省重点研发与推广专项（212400410282）Foundation projects：National Wheat Industry Technology
10、 System Special Project（CARS-03-7）；Key R&D and Promotion Projects in Henan Province in 2021（212400410282）植物遗传资源学报24 卷H were above 3.00.The H on 12 traits of wheat in the northern part was higher than that in the southern part，with an increase of 24.7%-188.6%.The increase of growth period was the sma
11、llest，and the increase of basic seedling was the largest.At the square Euclidean distance of 10.0，109 wheat varieties were grouped into six categories，mostly being coincidence with their origins.There were significant or extremely significant differences in bulk density，growth period，spike number an
12、d water absorption rate of wheat varieties from different origins，part which were 0.9%，3.5%，11.0%and 4.1%lower in the southern than that in the northern，respectively.The cumulative contribution rates of the first six principal components of wheat varieties from different origins had little differenc
13、e，with 80.25%in the southern part and 83.33%in the northern part.The comprehensive scores of wheat varieties from different origins were strong gluten wheat medium strong gluten and medium gluten wheat.The richness and uniformity of wheat traits in the northern part were higher than those in the sou
14、thern part，and the evolutionary potential was higher.The five traits of spike number，grain number per spike，bulk density，protein content and water absorption rate could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of northern part wheat varieties.Gained from these results，it is suggested that f
15、uture improvement of wheat varieties in the southern part would profile from enlarging the genetic basis.The six traits including growth period，spike number，yield，bulk density，protein content and wet gluten content could be used to evaluate the comprehensive performance of wheat varieties in this re
16、gion.Key words：Huang-Huai winter wheat region；new wheat varieties；diversity index；cluster analysis；comprehensive evaluation生物多样性主要包括生态系统多样性、物种多样性和遗传多样性，其中，遗传多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分。物种的稳定性和进化潜力依赖其遗传多样性，保护生物多样性最终是要保护遗传多样性1-4。种质资源的遗传多样性是物种进化的基础，对于小麦而言，其遗传多样性是遗传改良的基础。小麦遗传多样性越丰富，其进化及抵御不良环境的潜力就越大2，5-6。客观全面地评价小麦遗传多样性，对于正确认识种质资源利用现状、有针对性地选择优异亲本、改善小麦品种结构等具有重要意义。丁明亮等5研究了20082018年云南区试171个小麦品种（系）的遗传多样性，发现13个品质性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H）在1.5552.060，粗蛋白含量的H 最大，稳定时间的H最小，且地麦品种（系）的品质性状遗传多样性高于田麦品种（系），并筛选出云麦109等综合品质性状较优的小麦