1、节水灌溉Water Saving Irrigation黄河三角洲微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的影响郑崇珂1,戴南平1,2,周冠华1,彭永彬1,解丽霞1,孙伟1,周晋军3,张希军4,赵翔宇2,谢先芝1(1.山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所,济南 250100;2.山东农业大学,山东 泰安 271018;3.山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所,济南 250100;4.山东同硕农业科技有限公司,山东 东营 257513)摘 要:如何提高黄河三角洲微咸水利用率,节约淡水资源是黄河三角洲盐碱地水稻产业发展的关键问题之一。以多个水稻品种为材料,比较了不同盐度、不同发育时期微咸水灌溉下产量相关性状的变化。结果
2、表明,全生育期3 g/L和5 g/L盐度的微咸水灌溉均影响水稻产量,其中3 g/L微咸水灌溉主要影响了穗粒数和千粒重,而5 g/L微咸水灌溉影响是多方面的;全生育期3 g/L微咸水灌溉产量降低约10%,而5 g/L微咸水灌溉减产超过40%。在插秧返苗期3 g/L微咸水浇灌会降低成苗率,但一定程度上提高水稻的耐盐能力,降低盐胁迫对水稻产量的影响。相对其他时期,仅在分蘖期进行5 g/L微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的影响相对较小;孕穗灌浆期用微咸水灌溉严重影响水稻灌浆。因此,在当地淡水资源短缺的情况下,可以考虑在返苗期和分蘖期使用3 g/L的微咸水进行灌溉,但要适当增加该单位面积内苗数,缓解因成苗率降低造成
3、的产量损失,而分蘖期可以适当采用高盐度微咸水灌溉,但不宜超过5 g/L,孕穗灌浆期微咸水盐度应严格控制在3 g/L以下。黄河三角洲地区微咸水资源的利用能够充分节约淡水资源,具有较好的经济和生态效益。关键词:水稻;微咸水;生育期;发育时期;产量性状中图分类号:S27;S723.6 文献标识码:A DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2022294郑崇珂,戴南平,周冠华,等.黄河三角洲微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的影响 J.节水灌溉,2023(3):17-23.DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2022294.ZHENG C K,DAI N P,ZHOU G H,et al.Effects of bra
4、ckish water irrigation on rice yield in Yellow River Delta J.Water Saving Irrigation,2023(3):17-23.DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2022294.Effects of Brackish Water Irrigation on Rice Yield in Yellow River DeltaZHENG Chong-ke1,DAI Nan-ping1,2,ZHOU Guan-hua1,PENG Yong-bin1,XIE Li-xia1,SUN Wei1,ZHOU Jin-jun3,ZHANG
5、Xi-jun4,ZHAO Xiang-yu2,XIE Xian-zhi1(1.Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;2.Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong Province,China;3.Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,J
6、inan 250100,China;4.Shandong Tongshuo Agricultural Science and Technology,Dongying 257513,Shandong Province,China)Abstract:How to improve the utilization rate of brackish water and save freshwater resources is one of the key issues in the development of the rice industry in the Yellow River Delta sa
7、line-alkali land.In this study,multiple rice varieties were used to compare yield-related traits and yield changes through brackish water irrigation with different salinity contents at developmental stages.The results showed that irrigation with brackish water of 3 g/L and 5 g/L salinity in the whol
8、e growth period obviously both reduced rice yield.Irrigation with 3 g/L of brackish water mainly affected grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight,while the effects of 5 g/L brackish water irrigation on rice yield were 文章编号:1007-4929(2023)03-0017-07收稿日期:2022-10-14基金项目:山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程“耐盐抗病优质水稻全
9、产业链绿色生产技术研究”(CXGC2022A11);山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目“优质耐盐水稻全产业链绿色生产技术创新与产业化”(2021TZXD005)。作者简介:郑崇珂(1983-)男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向为水稻耐盐育种。E-mail:。通讯作者:谢先芝(1972-)女,博士,研究员,研究方向为水稻发育生物学。E-mail:。17黄河三角洲微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的影响 郑崇珂 戴南平 周冠华 等multifaceted.Irrigation with 3 g/L of brackish water reduced yields by about 10%throughout
10、 the growth period,while 5 g/L of brackish water irrigation reduced yields by more than 40%.Irrigation with 3 g/L of brackish water in the transplanting regreening stage reduced the seedling-survival rate,but it could improve the salt tolerance of rice to a certain extent and reduced the impact of s
11、alt stress on rice yield.Compared with other periods,only irrigation with 5 g/L brackish water at tillering stage had a relatively small impact on rice yield.Irrigation with brackish water during booting and filling stage seriously affected rice filling.Therefore,in the case of shortage of fresh wat
12、er resources,it could be considered to use 3 g/L brackish water for irrigation in the transplanting regreening stage and the tillering period,but the number of seedlings should be appropriately increased to mitigate the yield loss caused by the reduction of seedling rate.In the tillering period,high
13、 salinity brackish water could be appropriately used for irrigation,but it should not exceed 5 g/L.The salinity of brackish water in booting and filling stage should be strictly controlled below 3 g/L.The utilization of brackish water resources in the Yellow River Delta could fully save fresh water
14、resources,with good economic and ecological benefits.Key words:rice;brackish water;growth stages;developmental stages;yield traits0引 言我国淡水资源总量为2.8 万亿m3,居世界第六位,但人均水资源总量不足2 400 m3,为世界人均水量的1/41。2020年,国内总用水量为5 812.9 亿m3,其中农业用水占62.1%,农业用水需求量成为当前不可忽视的问题2。2022 年 3 月,水利部、国家发展改革委联合发布关于印发“十四五”用水总量和强度双控目标的通知明确
15、提出,“十四五期间”农田灌溉水有效利用系数提高到0.58以上。同时首次将非常规水源(再生水、海水、雨水、矿井水和苦咸水等水源)最低利用量作为控制目标分解下达到各省、自治区、直辖市,对促进非常规水源开发利用,缓解水资源供需矛盾具有重要意义。微咸水(矿化度为25 g/L)灌溉已经有上百年的研究历史,尤其是国外开展相关研究较早。以色列,澳大利亚等开展了大量的微咸水灌溉的理论和实践工作,对微咸水灌溉关键技术和模式的发展奠定了良好基础,微咸水灌溉技术为解决水资源危机提供了可能的途径3-7。我国宁夏、河北、内蒙古、甘肃、河南、山东、辽宁、新疆等省区都有利用不同程度微咸水或咸水进行农田灌溉并获得高产的经验8
16、。目前微咸水灌溉在水稻研究中也有少量报道9-14,但在水稻耐盐研究方面较多地集中在耐盐水稻品种的筛选15-17、盐胁迫对水稻产量18-22和品质23-25的影响方面,如何利用黄河三角洲微咸水资源进行农业生产尚未有相关报道。黄河三角洲地区淡水资源短缺,微咸水资源丰富,每年大约产生64.34 亿m3的咸水和微咸水资源,其中矿化度25 g/L的微咸水为23 亿m326。如何充分利用微咸水资源成为黄河三角洲盐碱地开发和利用的关键因素。因此本研究在黄河三角洲盐碱土地上,以多个水稻品种为材料,开展不同发育时期微咸水灌溉,同发育时期不同浓度微咸水灌溉试验,分析微咸水灌溉对水稻产量的影响,为进一步发展微咸水灌溉,充分利用微咸水资源,节约淡水资源,促进盐碱地的绿色开发提供理论基础。1材料与方法1.1试验地概况试验地位于山东省东营市垦利区(11854E,3759N),试验田为多年种水稻田,地力均匀。试验区030 cm耕层含盐量3.6 g/kg、有机质12.6 g/kg、全氮0.56 g/kg、有效磷29.8 mg/kg、速效钾 125.7 mg/kg。试验地主要依靠黄河水进行浇灌,附近有排碱沟,排碱沟含盐