1、第30卷第3期0引言准噶尔盆地南缘二叠系芦草沟组是近年来页岩油及致密油开发的重点层位,区域内吉木萨尔凹陷页岩油勘探开发已经取得了长足的进展1-2,博格达山周缘钻井和露头普遍见厚层油页岩,柴窝堡凹陷钻井已见油气显示3,展示出了较好的勘探潜力。近年来,前人已经对层序地层4-5、沉积环境6-7、油页岩地化特征8-9、沉积特征10-12和储层特征13-16等方面开展了相关研究,为该区域油气勘探提供了理论依据。王越等10认为芦草沟组发育近岸水下扇和半深湖深湖相的混合沉积;冯烁等11-12认为芦草沟组以扇三角洲摘要为研究博格达山周缘芦草沟组沉积演化及其对储层发育的影响,结合露头剖面、钻井岩心、岩石薄片、X
2、射线衍射和地球化学等资料,对芦草沟组的沉积环境、沉积相类型及储层特征进行了分析。结果表明:芦草沟组发育扇三角洲和湖泊沉积相,沉积环境以淡水半咸水贫氧弱还原条件为主;芦草沟组岩性以碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑混合沉积为主,储层物性与沉积微相类型呈现较强的相关性;受沉积条件和成岩作用的共同影响,扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体的储集物性更优,且临近烃源岩,溶蚀孔隙较发育,为有利储层沉积相带。该成果可为研究区油气勘探开发提供参考。关键词沉积环境;沉积演化;储层物性;成岩作用;储集空间;芦草沟组中图分类号:TE121.3+1文献标志码:A博格达山周缘二叠系芦草沟组沉积演化及其对储层的控制李万安1,韩长城1,田继军1
3、,曾治平2,闫嘉启1,罗锦昌1,李璐1(1.新疆大学地质与矿业工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐830047;2.中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院,山东 东营257015)基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目“新疆急倾斜低煤阶储层火烧区水文地质特征及其对煤层气富集成藏的控制”(U1903303);国家科技重大专项课题“准噶尔盆地碎屑岩层系油气富集规律与勘探评价”(2016ZX05002-002)Sedimentary evolution of Permian Lucaogou Formation around Bogda Mountains and itscontrol on reservoirsLI W
4、anan1,HAN Changcheng1,TIAN Jijun1,ZENG Zhiping2,YAN Jiaqi1,LUO Jinchang1,LI Lu1(1.College of Geology and Mining Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China;2.Exploration and Development Research Institute,Shengli Oilfield Company,SINOPEC,Dongying 257015,China)Abstract:In order to study the s
5、edimentary evolution of Permian Lucaogou Formation around Bogda Mountains and its influence onthe development of the reservoir,combined with the outcrop profile,drilling core,thin section,X-ray diffraction and geochemistrydata,this paper analysed the sedimentary environment,the type of sedimentary m
6、icrofacies and reservior characteristics of theLucaogou Formation.The results show that the Lucaogou Formation develops fan delta and lacustrine sedimentary facies,and thedepositional environment is dominated by freshwater-brackishwater and oxygen-poor weak reduction conditions.The lithology ofLucao
7、gou Formation is composed mainly of carbonate rocks and terrigenous clastics mixed deposition,and there is a strongcorrelation between the physical properties of the reservoir and the type of sedimentary microfacies.Due to the joint influence ofsedimentation and diagenesis,the submerged distributary
8、 channel sandbody in the fan delta front has favorable reservoir properties,and is close to the source rock,and the dissolved pores of that are relatively developed,which are favorable sedimentary microfacies.The results are expected to provide reference for oil and gas exploration and development i
9、n the study area.Key words:sedimentary environment;sedimentary evolution;reservoir properties;diagenesis;reservoir space;Lucaogou Formation引用格式:李万安,韩长城,田继军,等.博格达山周缘二叠系芦草沟组沉积演化及其对储层的控制J.断块油气田,2023,30(3):415-423,474.LI Wanan,HAN Changcheng,TIAN Jijun,et al.Sedimentary evolution of Permian Lucaogou For
10、mation around Bogda Mountains and itscontrol on reservoirsJ.Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2023,30(3):415-423,474.收稿日期:2022-08-12;改回日期:2023-01-04。第一作者:李万安,男,1997年生,硕士,主要从事石油地质学方面的研究工作。E-mail:。通信作者:韩长城,男,1984年生,副教授,博士,主要从事沉积地质与油气地质方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail:。断块油气田FAULT-BLOCK OIL GAS FIELDdoi:10.6056/dkyqt202303008
11、2023年5月断块油气田2023年5月和湖泊相为主要沉积类型;张慧等13认为沉积微相在宏观上控制了储层的发育,滩坝和河口坝为有利储集相带,成岩作用影响了孔隙结构和储层物性的变化;林鹏14认为柴窝堡凹陷储层属近源区产物,物性较差,孔隙结构复杂;徐希旺15认为半深湖深湖相发育碳酸盐岩储层,储集能力相对较好;林会喜等16按岩相类型将储层划分为泥页岩、砂岩和碳酸盐岩3类,储集空间尺度以纳米微米级为主。以往对博格达山周缘沉积和储层特征的研究较为单一,对其相关性研究较少,取得的认识不统一。为此,本文基于博格达山周缘的露头剖面、钻井岩心及分析化验等资料,对研究区沉积演化及其对储层的控制作用开展研究,以期为下
12、步油气勘探开发提供参考。1区域地质概况研究区位于准噶尔盆地南部博格达山周缘,包括阜康断裂带和柴窝堡凹陷地区(见图1)。图1博格达山周缘构造纲要Fig.1The structure outline around Bogda Mountain中二叠世,研究区属于陆内坳陷盆地,博格达山尚未隆起且处于深水区,物源主要由依连哈比尔尕山提供17,芦草沟组广泛沉积,根据岩性组合特征可将其自下而上划分为芦一段(P2l1)、芦二段(P2l2)、芦三段(P2l3)和芦四段(P2l4)。2沉积相类型与沉积演化2.1沉积环境微量元素质量分数比值(Sr/Ba,V/(V+Ni)是近来普遍用于反映沉积环境的指标,Sr/Ba
13、可反映沉积水体的盐度,V/(V+Ni)能反映氧化还原环境18-19。一般认为,Sr/Ba1.0反映海相沉积,Sr/Ba1.0反映陆相沉积;Sr/Ba1.0指示咸水环境,0.6Sr/Ba1.0指示半咸水环境,Sr/Ba0.6指示淡水环境20。测试数据分析结果显示,研究区Sr/Ba介于0.181.00,平均值介于0.310.70,芦二段和芦三段Sr/Ba相对较小(见表1),反映出博格达山周缘芦二段和芦三段沉积时期为更加潮湿的气候环境。博格达山西段花儿沟地区Sr/Ba较东段奇1井区变大,反映自东向西气候逐渐干旱;相较而言,吉木萨尔地区Sr/Ba整体偏高,且由下至上逐渐增大,这可能与吉木萨尔地区逐渐由
14、敞流水体向闭流湖盆转化而导致外部水体补充欠缺有关21。V/(V+Ni)是判别富氧和贫氧界限较有效的标志22,从陆相到海相,沉积物中V/(V+Ni)不断减小,一般认为,V/(V+Ni)0.84为富氧环境23-24。研究区V/(V+Ni)介于0.660.80,平均介于0.700.75,芦草沟组各段V/(V+Ni)浮动较小,博格达山西段V/(V+Ni)小于东段(见表1),总体而言为贫氧弱还原条件。相较而言,吉木萨尔地区贫氧条件要明显强于博格达山周缘地区。表1博格达山周缘及吉木萨尔地区芦草沟组微量元素质量分数比值Table 1Mass fraction ratio of trace elements
15、in Lucaogou Formation around Bogda Mountain and in Jimsar area层段奇1井花儿沟吉木萨尔Sr/BaV/(V+Ni)Sr/BaV/(V+Ni)Sr/BaV/(V+Ni)芦四段0.181.000.47(5)0.660.800.75(5)0.052.931.37(7)0.670.830.77(7)芦三段0.200.720.31(7)0.730.780.75(7)0.510.590.55(2)0.690.710.70(2)0.602.501.14(8)0.220.860.57(8)芦二段0.310.620.46(9)0.720.750.73(
16、9)0.510.890.68(7)0.700.790.73(7)0.121.000.50(9)0.410.800.64(9)芦一段0.250.760.53(3)0.730.750.74(9)0.700.720.061.000.32(6)0.500.860.63(6)注:数据格式为最小值最大值平均值样品()数。416第30卷第3期2.2沉积相类型对研究区露头剖面和钻井岩心的岩石类型、颜色、沉积构造等特征进行分析,识别出扇三角洲和湖泊2种沉积相类型。扇三角洲可划分为扇三角洲平原和扇三角洲前缘亚相,湖泊可划分为滨浅湖和半深湖亚相,微相类型包括分流河道、分流间湾、水下分流河道、水下分流间湾、席状砂、滩坝、浅湖及半深湖(见图2)。图2博格达山周缘二叠系芦草沟组沉积微相划分Fig.2Sedimentary microfacies of Permian Lucaogou Formation around Bogda Mountain李万安,等.博格达山周缘二叠系芦草沟组沉积演化及其对储层的控制417断块油气田2023年5月a柴参1侧1井,P2l1,3567.60m,灰色砂砾岩,可见冲刷面,裂缝内方解