1、节水灌溉Water Saving I膜下滴灌条件下毛管铺设模式与灌水定额对水分运移及玉米产量的影响丁林，吴婕，王文娟，梁仲锷（甘肃省水利科学研究院，兰州 730000）摘 要：膜下滴灌技术的优势及应用效果明显，在全国各地均有推广应用。为了进一步降低投资，节约资源，探索节水高产的毛管布置模式，在民勤绿洲红崖山灌区以“敦玉13”为材料开展毛管铺设与灌水定额对作物的影响及水分运移特征试验。通过测定玉米出苗率、土壤水分运移规律、干物质积累与分配、产量、水分利用效率及种植效益等指标，分析了不同毛管铺设及灌水处理对玉米出苗、土壤水分运移消耗、水分高效利用的影响与产量效应。结果表明，膜下滴灌毛管铺设模式对玉
2、米出苗率的影响较为明显，1膜2管和1膜3管玉米出苗率明显高于1膜1管；在1膜2管时，不同灌水定额下灌溉水均可横向扩散到作物种植区，而1膜1管时，灌溉水均不能横向扩散到到作物种植区，影响了作物出苗及生长；1膜2管和1膜3管玉米干物质积累量明显高于1膜1管，对有限水分的利用效率较高，其穗粒数、穗粒重、产量等均高于1膜1管处理；1膜1管、1膜2管在节约灌溉材料方面优势较为明显，但1膜1管产量降低较为明显。综合结果来看，在玉米膜下滴灌种植中，建议采用1膜2管模式（膜宽145 cm），灌水定额3642 mm，生育期灌溉定额以2 5203 360 m3/hm2为宜，灌水频率依据气候等条件保持在78次。关键
3、词：膜下滴灌；毛管铺设模式；灌水定额；水分运移；产量效应；玉米中图分类号：S275.3 文献标识码：A DOI：10.12396/jsgg.2022193丁 林，吴 婕，王文娟，等.膜下滴灌条件下毛管铺设模式与灌水定额对水分运移及玉米产量的影响 J.节水灌溉，2023（3）：98-105.DOI：10.12396/jsgg.2022193.DING L，WU J，WANG W J，et al.Effects of capillary tube laying pattern and irrigation Quota on water transport and maize yield under
4、 drip irrigation under membrane J.Water Saving Irrigation，2023（3）：98-105.DOI：10.12396/jsgg.2022193.Effects of Capillary Tube Laying Pattern and Irrigation Quota on Water Transport and Maize Yield Under Drip Irrigation Under MembraneDING Lin，WU Jie，WANG Wen-juan，LIANG Zhong-e（Gansu Research Institute
5、 for Water Conservancy，Lanzhou 730000，China）Abstract：The advantages and application effect of drip irrigation under membrane are obvious,and it has been popularized and applied all over the country.In order to further reduce investment,save resources,and explore the pattern of hair tube arrangement
6、with water-saving and high-yield,in this study,Dunyu 13 was used as the material to carry out experiments on the influence of hair tube laying and irrigation quota on crops and the characteristics of water transport in Hongyashan irrigation area of Minqin Oasis.By measuring the emergence rate of mai
7、ze,soil water transport law,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield,water use efficiency and planting benefit,the effects of different hair tube laying and irrigation treatment on maize seedling emergence,soil water transport and consumption,water efficient use and yield effect were analyzed.
8、The results showed that the effect of the pattern of hair tube laying under the membrane on the emergence rate of maize was obvious,and the emergence rate of maize with the mode of 1 membrane 2 tubes and the mode of 1 membrane 3 tubes was 文章编号：1007-4929（2023）03-0098-08收稿日期：2022-08-12基金项目：甘肃省重大项目（课题）
9、（21ZD4NF044-01）；甘肃省重点研发计划项目（20YF3NA011）；甘肃省水利科研与技术推广计划项目（202104，202203）。作者简介：丁林（1978-），男，正高级工程师，从事节水灌溉理论技术及旱区水资源利用方面的研究。E-mail:。通讯作者：吴婕（1976-），女，正高级工程师，从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究。E-mail:。98膜下滴灌条件下毛管铺设模式与灌水定额对水分运移及玉米产量的影响 丁林 吴婕 王文娟 等significantly higher than that with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube.In the case of
10、the mode of 1 membrane and 2 tubes,the irrigation water could spread laterally to the crop planting area under different irrigation quotas,while in the case of the mode of 1 membrane and 1 tube,the irrigation water could not spread laterally to the crop planting area,which affected the emergence and
11、 growth of crops.The dry matter accumulation of maize with the mode of 1 membrane 2 tubes and the mode of 1 membrane 3 tubes was significantly higher than that with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube,and the utilization efficiency of limited water was higher,and the kernel number per ear,kernel weight pe
12、r ear and yield of maize with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube were higher than those with the mode of 1 membrane 1 tube.The mode of 1 membrane 1 pipe and the mode of 1 membrane 2 pipe have obvious advantages in saving irrigation materials,but the yield of the mode of 1 membrane 1 pipe decreases signif
13、icantly.According to the comprehensive results,it is recommended to adopt the mode of 1 film and 2 tubes(film width 145cm),the irrigation quota of 3642 mm,the irrigation quota of 2 5203 360 m3/hm2 during the growth period,and the irrigation frequency should be kept at 78 times according to the clima
14、te and other conditions.Key words：drip irrigation under membrane；capillary laying mode；irrigation water quota；water transport；yield effect；corn水分不足是影响干旱地区农业生产的关键问题，发展高效、资源节约型的节水灌溉技术是农业可持续发展的先决条件，高效节水技术不仅可以提高水分利用率和作物产量，而且可以促进农业生态的良性发展1,2。近年来，膜下滴灌技术以其抑制地面蒸发、减少深层渗漏、可控性强等优点得到了大力发展，在甘肃河西地区喷、滴、微灌每年应用面积均在2
15、2 万hm2以上3，且大部分为膜下滴灌，随着高标准农田建设项目的不断实施，膜下滴灌技术的应用面积逐年增加。膜下滴灌毛管布置模式不仅影响土壤水分迁移和根系分布，而且不宜的毛管布置模式对作物光合作用会产生不利的影响4。探求合理的毛管布置模式，发展节水农业，提高水资源利用效率、节约资源是干旱地区发展可持续性农业的必由之路。当前各种作物在膜下滴灌种植条件下，依据作物及种植特点毛管布置模式多种多样，在甘肃河西内陆区玉米膜下滴灌种植中毛管铺设模式多以1膜3管3行（膜宽145 cm）和1膜2管2行（膜宽100 cm）为主，上述毛管铺设模式没有充分发挥滴灌技术的应有功效，在滴灌带等灌溉材料的使用上还有节省的潜
16、力，需要对减少滴灌带铺设条件下水分运移及作物生长特征开展研究，满足下一步技术发展的需求。对于不同毛管铺设模式对作物影响方面已有专家学者就根系生长及分布特征4,5、水分利用效率与作物产量、品质调控6-11、植株生长和干物质积累12-14、水氮耦合效应15、毛管优化铺设模式16-18等方面做了部分研究，主要作物涉及棉花、葡萄、小麦、苜蓿等。但膜下滴灌不同毛管铺设下水分运移特征及玉米的种植效应等方面的研究较为少见，本研究针上述问题，结合大田玉米种植与膜下滴灌技术的特点，以常用种植模式 1膜 3行（膜宽145 cm）为基础，开展不同毛管铺设及灌水定额下玉米出苗率、土壤水分运移、干物质积累与分配、产量与水分利用效率、种植效益等方面进行研究。以产量及经济效益为基础综合提出适宜的毛管铺设模式及灌水定额，为玉米膜下滴灌水分高效利用与资源节约提供理论基础，并促进膜下滴灌技术的科学发展与推广应用。1材料与方法1.1研究区概况试验于2019年4月-2020年9月连续两年在甘肃省水利科学研究院民勤灌溉试验站（甘肃省灌溉试验中心站）进行。试验区属典型的大陆性荒漠气候，地处民勤绿洲和腾格里沙漠交界地带。区内气候干