1、206 北京规划建设访谈 INTERVIEWYL:As we know,you have been researching sustainable architecture for many years.Could you please give a brief overview of it?您多年来一直在开展关于可持续建筑的研究，能否请您对这个领域先进行一个简短的介绍？MB:Sustainability is a word that has become very widespread,used,and often abused in recent years.Everyone was tr
2、ying to build some connections between their work,behaviour,or process to this word.Nowadays,no one would affirm that what he or she is doing is not sustainable.So,it is a problem to understand the real meaning of this word because it is adaptable to many different situations.从近几年开始，“可持续性”这个词的使用范围更广
3、、频率更高，还会被滥用。每个人都在试图将他们的工作内容、行为方式或进行状态与这个词语建立相关性。如今，没有人敢断言自己进行的研究是不可持续的。因此，理解这个词语的真正含义是一个棘手的问题，毕竟它适用于很多不同的情况。If you come back to the origin of this term,it first appeared in the Brundtland Report,a report published on October 1987 by the United Nations.This term was also used some years before,but no
4、t in official documents like the previous one.The Brundtland Report gave the first definition of sustainable development,which is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.That is the classical definition of sus
5、tainability,which has since been updated according to changing needs.Today,we can say that sustainability is not only a word that relates to the environment,economy,and society,as it was at the beginning,but we can also use it concerning cultural aspects.追溯这个词的起源，它最早出现在1987年10月联合国发表的布伦特兰报告中。虽然这个词几年前
6、也用过，但并不是在这种官方文件中。布伦特兰报告首次给出了“可持续发展”的定义，即“既满足当代人的需求，又不损害后代人满足自身需求的能力”的发展。这是“可持续性”的经典定义，在此之后也根据人类不断变化的需求对定义进行更新。如今，“可持续发展”不仅像当初那样是一个与环境、经济、社会等息息相关的词，还可以将其与文化建立连接。It has been some years also that we are discussing aesthetic sustainability or the aesthetics of sustainability,for example,in architecture.
7、In my opinion,the most crucial 嘉宾：马可 波瓦蒂（Marco Bovati），米兰理工大学建筑与规划学院教授采访：刘一丹，米兰理工大学建筑与规划学院和天津大学建筑学院博士候选人The Design Research and Educational Practice of Sustainable Architecture可持续建筑的设计研究和教育实践MB=马可 波瓦蒂YL=刘一丹 北京规划建设 207 INTERVIEW 访谈part of the word sustainability is the changing perspective that susta
8、inable development introduced:the idea of development instead of growth.It means to start looking at qualitative factors,not only quantitative ones.However,the central part of sustainability is the relationship between it and duration.Sustainability is derived from the word sustain,which means to ma
9、ke things last longer and is also one pedal of the piano.If you push it,the note can continue even if you remove your hand from the keyboard.Sustainability came from the Latin word sustinere,which means to sustain,to support.So,the idea that sustainability is related to time and duration also affect
10、s architecture and the city.多年来，我们一直在讨论美学的可持续性或可持续性美学，例如在建筑中。在我看来，“可持续性”这个词的关键部分是由可持续发展引入的不断变化的视角，即强调发展而非增长。这意味着开始关注定性因素，而不仅仅是定量因素。然而，“可持续性”的核心部分是它与持续时间的关系。“可持续性”一词的英文源自sustain，意思是让事物持续更久。此外，这个词也可以用在钢琴的延音踏板（sustain pedal）中，当延音踏板被踩下时，即使抬起全部琴键，所有当前被演奏的音符都将持续发声。“可持续性”一词的英文源自拉丁文sustinere，译为维持和支持的意思。因此，可
11、持续性与时间和持续时间息息相关的想法也在影响着建筑和城市的发展。Based on previous experience,we usually put the word sustainability about resources and pollution.However,the number of resources used to build an architecture,a neighbourhood,or a city should be evaluated in relation to its duration.For example,if,with the same use o
12、f resources,I build an architecture that lasts 50 years instead of 20,that means being more sustainable.This is very important because discussing the circular economy usually focuses on the waste problem.If we add the concept of circular economy to architecture,we mostly think of building architectu
13、res that can be dismantled to provide construction elements for new buildings.However,consider architecture a combination of space,form,typology,and construction.In that case,you can intend circularity as the possibility for the same building to be used several times for different functions.So,when
14、you as a designer approach the topic of sustainability,you should keep in mind this idea to design for a long time.根据以往的经验，我们通常会将“可持续性”这个词语与资源和污染问题建立联系。然而，用于建筑、社区或城市营造需要的资源量应该根据其持续时间进行评估。例如，在使用相同资源量的情况下，建造的建筑可以使用50年而不是20年，这就意味着更具有可持续性。这一点非常重要，因为往往在讨论循环经济时，通常将注意力集中在废弃资源上。如果我们将循环经济的概念加入到建筑中，我们会想到可以用拆除
15、的建筑，为新建筑提供基本施工材料。然而，将建筑视为空间、形式、类型学和施工等多方面的组合时，可以把循环性理解为具有不同功能且可多次使用的建筑物。当设计师面对可持续性问题时，应该牢记这个理念。MB:This question is really interesting,especially since ancient cultures were,in a certain sense,unaware of the environmental issue as we intend today.Despite this,they used to be spontaneously sustainable
16、,also because they had no modern plants from the Industrial Revolution.So,they made an economy of what they had and built with local resources without waste.At the same time,they had to think about a passive system to face the problem of comfort without consuming resources and producing pollution.这个问题很有趣，尤其是在传统文化里，没有现在这么注重环境问题。所以说，当时的可持续发展一部分是自发性的，还有另一部分是当时没有工业革命之后的那种现代化工厂。因此，他们利用当地资源建造材料利用率高的经济型建筑。同时，他们不得不思考一种既不消耗资源，又不产生污染的被动系统来面对环境的舒适性问题。Nowadays,we have a clearer idea of the environmental cri