1、第 51 卷第 3 期2023 年 2 月广 州 化 工Guangzhou Chemical IndustryVol.51 No.3Mar.2023专论与综述截叶铁扫帚化学成分及药理活性研究进展樊 浩1,2,吴雪娇1,刘 幸2,袁近津1,余春红1,姚晓蝶1,沈凌筠2(1 大理大学药学院,云南 大理 671000;2 昆明市第三人民医院/云南省传染性疾病临床医学中心,云南 昆明 650301)摘 要:截叶铁扫帚作为民间传统中药,全草皆可入药。随着近年研究的深入,发现其具有较大的药用价值。通过对文献和图书的全面查阅,报道了截叶铁扫帚的化学成分有黄酮、酚酸、木脂素、糖、挥发油、萜类、甾体等,发现其在
2、降脂、促胃肠动力、止咳平喘、改善肺功能、抗癌、保护男性生殖健康、抗早期动脉粥样硬化等方面有良好疗效。为充分了解截叶铁扫帚化学成分与药理活性之间的关系,现对近 10 年截叶铁扫帚化学成分和药理活性的研究成果进行总结和概括,以期为更好地开发和利用这一丰富的药用植物资源提供参考。关键词:截叶铁扫帚;化学成分;药理活性中图分类号:R961.1 文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-9677(2023)03-0007-05 基金项目:云南省教育厅科学研究基金资助项目(2022J0726);昆明市卫生科研课题项目(2021-03-02-003)。第一作者:樊浩(1997-),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事结核病
3、防治工作。通讯作者:刘幸(1985-),男,硕士,副主任药师,研究方向为分子生物学。Research Progress on Chemical Composition and PharmacologicalActivities of Lespedeza CuneataFAN Hao1,2,WU Xue-jiao1,LIU Xing2,YUAN Jin-jin1,YU Chun-hong1,YAO xiao-die1,SHEN Ling-jun2(1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Dali University,Yunnan Dali 671000;2 De
4、pantment of Pharmacy,YunnanClinical Center for Infectious Diseases/Kunming Third Peoples Hospital,Yunnan Kunming 650301,China)Abstract:As a traditional folk medicine,Lespedeza cuneata can be used in the whole herb.With the deepening ofresearch in recent years,it has been found that it has greater me
5、dicinal value.Through a comprehensive review of theliterature and books,it was reported that the chemical composition of Lespedeza cuneata was flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,sugars,volatile oils,terpenes,steroids,etc.It was found that it had good efficacy in lowering lipids,promotinggastrointesti
6、nal motility,relieving cough and asthma,improving lung function,anti-cancer,protecting male reproductivehealth,and anti-early atherosclerosis.In order to fully understand the relationship between the chemical composition andpharmacological activities of Lespedeza cuneata,the research results of chem
7、ical composition and pharmacological activitiesof Lespedeza cuneata in the past 10 years were summarized,in order to provide a reference for better development andutilization of this rich medicinal plant resources.Key words:Lespedeza cuneata;chemical composition;pharmacological activities截叶铁扫帚 Lespe
8、deza cuneata(Dum.-Cours.)G.Don 为豆科(Fabaceae)胡枝子属(Lespedeza)一年生草本植物,又名夜关门、千里光、关门草、半天雷等,侗族称为“Nyangt bic suictonk 娘皮隋段”1。多产于甘肃、陕西、山东、云南、河南、广东、湖南、湖北、四川、西藏等省份,多分布于海拔 2500 m以下的山坡路段,国外也有分布2。不仅有十分重要的生态和经济利用价值3,同时也可作药用治疗多种疾病,故国内外各大生产及科研部门对它的开发利用高度重视。截叶铁扫帚药用历史悠久,全草皆可入药,秋季采收,晒干,扎把防脱叶。性平、甘、微苦、归肺、肝、肾经。其中含有黄酮类、酚酸
9、类、木脂素类、挥发油类、萜类、甾体、多糖等多种化学成分。现代多部本草(滇南本草 湖南药物志 四川中药志 浙南本草新编)中记载主要用于咳嗽、咳痰、口腔溃疡、肾盂肾炎、胆黄素高、消化不良、胃痛、小儿胃肠疾病、细菌性痢疾、黄疸型肝炎等;将新鲜的枝叶捣碎后直接外敷还能治疗带状疱疹、毒蛇咬伤、烧烫伤等。目前国内外对其化学成分和药理活性进行了多种研究,在周健4等人的基础上,本文又综述了截叶铁扫帚在降脂、促胃肠动力、止咳平喘、改善肺功能、抗癌、保护男性生殖健康、抗早期动脉粥样硬化等方面的突出疗效,为其不同的药理活性从仅动物实验向临床应用的转化加深认识,并为新药的研发方向提供参考。现对近 10 年的国内外研究
10、成果进展总结概括如下。8 广 州 化 工2023 年 2 月1 化学成分截叶铁扫帚的化学成分除已报道过的黄酮、酚酸、木脂素、糖类和挥发油外,近年又分离鉴定了萜类、甾体和鞣质等,且越来越多的药理活性被发现。本文检索了中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、万方、PubMed、Web of Science、Wiley、Sprinkle 等国内外数据库,对其化学成分进行归纳,见表 1。表 1 截叶铁扫帚中鉴定的主要化合物Table 1 The main compounds of identified in the Lespedeza cuneata类型化合物文献类型化合
11、物文献类型化合物文献类型化合物文献1.黄酮类6,8-di-C-pentosylapigenin58-Prenylluteone13(+)-(8R,7S,8R)-isolariciresinol-9-(6-cis-p-coumaroyl)-O-D-glucopyranoside19丁香烯24isovitexin6Gancaonin B13(-)-(8S,7R,8S)-isolariciresinol-9-O-L-rhamnoside196,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮24isoorientin6Erythrinin B13(-)-(8S,7R,8S)-5-methoxyiso-laricir
12、esinol-9-O-L-rhamnoside19雪松醇24vicenin-6Luprnalbin B13(+)-(8S,7S,8S)-burselignan-9-O-L-rhamnoside19叶绿醇24lucenin-62,3-二羟基-4,6-二甲氧基查耳酮14aviculin19n-十六酸246,8,3,4-tetrahy-droxy-2-methoxy-7-methylisoflavanone77-羟基-5,8-二甲氧基二氢黄酮14(+)-isolariciresinol-9-O-D-glucopyranoside19丙酮香叶酯246,8,3,4-tetrahy-droxy-2-6,8
13、,3,4-tetrahydroxy-2-methoxy-6-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-isoflavone7山柰酚-3-O-D-半乳糖苷15(+)-5-methoxyi-solariciresinol-9-O-L-rhamnoside192-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚24山柰酚8山柰酚-鼠李糖苷15(+)-pinoresinol20亚油酸24桷皮素8牡荆素15(+)-syringaresinol20亚油酸甲酯24山柰酚-3-O-D-葡萄糖苷8异牡荆素15Erythor-buddlenol C203-甲基-4-异丙基苯酚24hyperin9acacetin16Colocasinol A
14、20麝香草酚24hirsutri9afzelin16JTL-720 6.萜类betulinic acid7desmodin9astragalin16(+)-lariciresinol20friedelin12homoadonivernite9kaempferol16(-)-secoisolaricir-esinolo-a-L-rhamnopyranoside20hastatoside12avicularin10scutellarein7-O-glucoside16Dihydrodehydrodi-conifenyl alcohol20(6R,9R)-3-oxo-aionol-9-O-D-glu
15、copyranoside12Isoquercitrin112.酚酸类potassiumlespedezate17JTL-1120pubinernoid A12afzelin11potassiumisolespedezate17JTL-1220羽扇烯酮25nicotiflorin11potassium D-idarate18cuneataside E217.内酯类maysedilactone A12kaempferol-3-O-glucopyranosyl-7-O-rhamnoside11potassium lespedezate18cuneataside F21maysedilactone B
16、12第 51 卷第 3 期樊浩,等:截叶铁扫帚化学成分及药理活性研究进展9 续表 1rhoifolin11hexacosanoicacid 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl ester7(+)-(8S,7S,8S)-burselignan-9-O-D-glucopyranoside22loliolide12rutin11水杨酸8(+)-(8R,7S,8R)-isolariciresinol-9-O-D-fucopyranoside22bis-(2,5-dimethylhexyl)ester12daidzein11香草酸8(-)-(8S,7R,8R)-methoxyisoariciresinol-9-O-a-L-rhamnoside22hydroxydihy-drobovolide12Kaempferol-3-O-L-rhamnopyranoside12cuneataside A19(+)-secoisolariciresinol-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside232,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrolactone12genistein12cun