1、doi：10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220286木豆种子和荚的化学成分及其抗氧化、抗炎活性*徐晓俞李程勋李爱萍（福建省农业科学院作物研究所福州 350013）摘要：【目的】对木豆种子和荚部位的化学成分进行分离鉴定，并研究这些化学成分的抗氧化、抗炎活性，以期为发现新的天然抗氧化、抗炎活性成分以及木豆资源的开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】分别采用 95乙醇回流提取木豆种子和荚，提取液过滤后减压浓缩得到木豆种子和荚的浸膏。浸膏分别用不同有机溶剂萃取，对乙酸乙酯萃取部继续采用硅胶、凝胶等柱层析色谱分离技术进行进一步的分离、纯化。利用 MS、NMR 等技术鉴定分离得到的化合物的结
2、构。通过测定化合物 DPPH 自由基清除能力评价化合物的抗氧化活性，采用 Griess 法测定化合物对脂多糖诱导小鼠巨噬细胞 RAW 264.7 产生 NO 的抑制能力评价化合物的抗炎活性。【结果】从木豆种子乙酸乙酯萃取部中分离出 4个化合物，通过 ESI-MS、NMR 等技术鉴定为对苯二酚（S1）、1亚油酰3棕榈酰甘油（S2）、胡萝卜苷亚油酸酯（S3）、豆甾烷3,6二醇（S4）。从木豆荚乙酸乙酯萃取部中分离出 5 个化合物，根据理化性质初步鉴定为黄酮类化合物，通过ESI-MS、NMR 等技术鉴定为 2,5,7三羟基4甲氧基异黄酮（P1）、毛蕊异黄酮（P2）、大豆苷元（P3）、2-羟基染料木素
3、（P4）、染料木素（P5）。化合物 S1S4、P1P2 为首次从木豆属植物中分离得到，其中化合物 S2 为新化合物。抗氧化和抗炎活性研究表明，化合物 S1、P1、P2、P4 具有较强的 DPPH 自由基清除活性，EC50值分别达到（63.100.15）、（64.970.67）、（79.631.14）和（79.431.29）molL1，化合物 S1S2、P1P5 具有较强的 NO 抑制活性，IC50值分别为（31.360.44）、（52.081.11）、（30.660.83）、（46.300.90）、（55.182.07）、（44.110.79）和（44.922.24）molL1。化合物P1 的
4、抗氧化和抗炎活性以及化合物 P4 的抗炎活性为首次报道。【结论】木豆种子中主要含脂肪酸及甾醇衍生物，抗氧化和抗炎活性较弱，木豆荚中含有的多种异黄酮类成分具有较好的抗氧化和抗炎活性。因此，木豆荚更具有开发利用价值，可作为天然抗氧化及抗炎成分的提取原料来源。关键词：木豆种子；荚；化学成分；异黄酮；抗氧化活性；抗炎活性中图分类号：Q946.8文献标识码：A文章编号：10017488(2023)02006708Chemical Constituents of Cajanus cajan Seeds and Pods and Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory
5、 ActivitiesXu XiaoyuLi ChengxunLi Aiping（Crop Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou 350013）Abstract：【Objective】In this study,the chemical constituents of Cajanus cajan seeds and pods were separated and identified,as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activitie
6、s were investigated,in order to provide a scientific basis for thediscovery of new natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active constituents and the development and utilization of C.cajanresources.【Method】The seeds and pods of C.cajan were extracted by 95%ethanol reflux,respectively,and the extr
7、acts werefiltered and concentrated by reduced pressure to obtain the seed and pod residues.The residues were extracted with differentorganic solvents,and the ethyl acetate extraction section was further separated and purified by column chromatography techniquessuch as silica gel and gel.The structur
8、es of the isolated compounds were identified using MS and NMR techniques.Theantioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the scavenging capacities of DPPH free radicals.Theanti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated by Griess method for deter
9、mining the inhibitory abilities ofthe compounds on the NO production in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 induced by LPS.【Result】Four compounds wereisolated from the ethyl acetate extraction of C.cajan seeds and identified by ESI-MS and NMR techniques as hydroquinone(S1),1-linoleoyl-3-palmitoyl glycerol(S2
10、),daucosterol linoleate(S3)and stigmastane-3,6-diol(S4).Five compounds were isolated 收稿日期：20220504；修回日期：20220920。基金项目：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项（2021R1031004，2019R1031-11）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队（CXTD2021011-2）；5511 协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021019）；福建省农业科学院对外合作项目（DWHZ-2022-12）。*李爱萍为通讯作者。感谢中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源国家重点实验室分析测试中心的
11、分析测试。第 59 卷 第 2 期林业科学 Vol.59，No.22 0 2 3 年 2 月SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAEFeb.，2 0 2 3from the ethyl acetate extraction of C.cajan pods and preliminarily identified as flavonoids based on their physicochemicalproperties,and further identified by ESI-MS and NMR techniques as 2,5,7-trihydroxy-4-methoxyisof
12、lavone(P1),calycosin(P2),daidzein(P3),2-hydroxygenistein(P4)and genistein(P5).Compounds S1S4,P1P2 were isolated from the genus Cajanus forthe first time,while compound S2 was a new compound.Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities studies showed thatcompounds S1,P1,P2,P4 had relatively strong DP
13、PH free radical scavenging activities,with the EC50 values of 63.10 0.15,64.97 0.67,79.63 1.14 and 79.43 1.29 molL1,respectively,while compounds S1S2,P1P5 showed strong NO inhibitoryactivities,with the IC50 values of 31.360.44,52.081.11,30.660.83,46.300.90,55.182.07,44.110.79 and 44.922.24molL1,resp
14、ectively.The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of compound P1 and the anti-inflammatory activity ofcompound P4 were reported for the first time.【Conclusion】C.cajan seeds mainly contain fatty acid and sterol derivatives,withrelatively weak antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities,while
15、 C.cajan pods contain multiple isoflavones with betterantioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.Therefore,C.cajan pods are more valuable for development and utilization,and canbe used as a source of raw materials for extracting natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components.Key words：Cajanu
16、s cajan seed；pod；chemical constituent；isoflavone；antioxidant activity；anti-inflammatory activity 木豆（Cajanus cajan）是木豆属多年生常绿灌木，起源于印度，至今已有 6 000 多年的种植历史，在中国南方也有广泛种植，主要分布于福建、广东、广西、海南、云南、台湾等地。木豆是世界上唯一的木本食用豆类作物（Singh et al.,2020），籽粒富含蛋白质和氨基酸，具有较高的营养价值，是人类最理想的膳食补充剂之一。木豆是一种多功能的植物，除籽粒作为蔬菜食用外，枝叶还可作为牲畜饲料。在国内，木豆传统上最广泛的运用是作为紫胶虫的宿主树，据调查，现在中国最大和最主要的紫胶产区云南省的 8 个地州市仍保留木豆种植面积 3 400 hm2左右，生产紫胶 1 500t（李正红等，2001）。木豆根系发达，可通过根瘤菌固氮，能改善土壤结构，广泛用于干旱半干旱热区植被恢复以及水土流失固坡与园林绿化（马宏等，2012），近年来在云南、广西、广东、福建等地高速公路护坡及绿化应用较多。中药大辞典记载：木