1、第 48 卷 第 3期2 0 2 3 年 3 月Vol.48 No.3Mar.2 0 2 3地球科学 Earth Sciencehttp:/https:/doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.351中国陆区干热岩勘探靶区优选：来自国内外干热岩系统成因机制的启示饶松1，2，黄顺德1，2，胡圣标3*，高腾1，21.长江大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 4301002.长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室，湖北武汉 4301003.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室，北京 100029摘要：干热岩是指地下高温但由于低孔隙度和渗透率而缺少流体的岩石（体），储存于干热岩
2、中的热量需要通过人工压裂形成增强地热系统（EGS）才能得以开采，赋存于干热岩中在当前技术经济条件下可以开采的地热能被称为干热岩型地热资源，它是人类未来的重要替代新能源之一.干热岩的研究始于 20 世纪 70 年代，经过近 50 年的不断发展，干热岩在理论和实践两方面都有了长足发展，美国、日本、法国、德国、澳大利亚等发达国家相继投入巨资进行干热岩勘查、评价和开发实验，并且初步形成了商业开发的成功范例.实践表明，干热岩地热资源是深层地热能的一部分，往往与高温水热系统共热源且存在共生关系，但其地质条件复杂，开采难度较大，应倡导“深层地热能”和“广义 EGS”概念，即按照 EGS 技术着眼深层水热型和
3、干热岩型地热能整体开发.为了克服诱发地震等环境安全问题，干热岩压裂造储技术研发方向正在从“刚性造储”向“柔性造储”发展.近几年来，我国分别在青海、西藏、四川、福建、广东、湖南、黑龙江、海南等高热流区域进行了干热岩地质勘查，并在青海共和、山东利津、广东惠州、四川康定、冀东马头营和琼北等地相继开展了干热岩初步钻探，但仅在青海共和的干热岩勘探与开发实验中取得突破.综合考虑全球高温地热带分布和中国陆区板块构造背景、现今大地热流分布格局、岩石圈热结构、Moho 面深度及壳内热源、新生代火山活动、温泉分布、深大断裂分布与活动性，以及现有干热岩勘查结果，认为当前中国陆区最具前景的干热岩勘探靶区为东北新生代火
4、山活动区、海南岛及雷州半岛和滇藏川地区青藏高原东构造结.此外，高热背景条件下的中厚层碳酸盐岩应作为深层地热能开采的重点目标储层.关键词：干热岩；增强地热系统；成因机制；地热能；中国陆区.中图分类号：P314 文章编号：1000-2383(2023)03-857-21 收稿日期：2022-04-24Exploration Target Selection of Hot Dry Rock in Chinese Continent:Enlightenment from Genesis Mechanism of Global Hot Dry Rock SystemRao Song1，2，Huang S
5、hunde1，2，Hu Shengbiao3*，Gao Teng1，21.School of Geosciences，Yangtze University，Wuhan 430100，China2.Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources，Ministry of Education，Yangtze University，Wuhan 430100，China基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.41877210，42074096)；油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室青年创新团队项目(No.PI2018
6、04)；中国石化深部地质与资源重点实验室开放基金课题.作者简介：饶松（1985），男，教授，博士，主要从事地热地质学与油气地质学的教学和科研工作.ORCID：0000000159919730.Email：*通讯作者：胡圣标，Email：引用格式：饶松，黄顺德，胡圣标，高腾，2023.中国陆区干热岩勘探靶区优选：来自国内外干热岩系统成因机制的启示.地球科学，48（3）：857-877.Citation：Rao Song，Huang Shunde，Hu Shengbiao，Gao Teng，2023.Exploration Target Selection of Hot Dry Rock in C
7、hinese Continent：Enlightenment from Genesis Mechanism of Global Hot Dry Rock System.Earth Science，48（3）：857-877.第 48 卷地球科学 http:/3.State Kay Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution，Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029，ChinaAbstract:Hot dry rock(HDR)is defined b
8、y the rock underground with high temperature but lack of fluid due to low porosity and permeability.The heat stored in HDR needs to be artificially fractured to form an enhanced geothermal system(EGS)to be exploited.The geothermal energy that can be exploited in HDR under the current technical and e
9、conomic conditions is called HDR geothermal resources,which is regarded as one of the important alternative new energy sources for human beings in the future.The research on HDR began in the 1970s.After nearly 50 years of continuous development,great progress in both theory and practice has been mad
10、e.Developed countries such as the United States,Japan,France,Germany,and Australia have successively invested heavily in HDR exploration,evaluation and development experiments.Moreover,some successful commercial development examples of HDR have been set up.The practices show that HDR geothermal reso
11、urces are a part of deep geothermal energy,which means they often co-heat and are symbiotic with high temperature hydrothermal system.However,it is more difficult to exploit HDR than the hydrothermal system due to more complex geological conditions.Therefore,“deep geothermal energy”and“generalized E
12、GS”concept should be advocated.According to EGS technology,we should focus on the overall development of deep hydrothermal and HDR geothermal energy.Moreover,it is developing from“rigid reservoir stimulation”to“soft reservoir stimulation”in order to overcome the environmental safety problems such as
13、 induced earthquakes.In recent years,China has carried out geological exploration on HDR in Qinghai,Tibet,Sichuan,Fujian,Guangdong,Hunan,Heilongjiang,Hainan and other areas with high heat flow.And then,preliminary drillings of HDR in Gonghe,Lijin,Huizhou,Kangding,Matouyin and northern Hainan have be
14、en implemented.Unfortunately,the breakthrough has only been made in the exploration and development experiments of HDR in Gonghe basin.Considering the distribution of global high-temperature geothermal zones,plate tectonic setting in Chinese continent,the current distribution pattern of terrestrial
15、heat flow,lithospheric thermal structure,Moho depth and heat source in crust,Cenozoic volcanic activity,the distribution of hot springs,the distribution and active faults,and the existing HDR exploration results,the most promising HDR exploration target areas in Chinese continent are delineated,whic
16、h include the Cenozoic volcanic activity area in Northeast China,Hainan Island-Leizhou Peninsula and the Yunnan-Tibet-Sichuan area(eastern Tibetan Plateau tectonic junction).In addition,medium and thick carbonate rocks with high thermal background should be the key target for deep geothermal energy exploitation.Key words:hot dry rock;enhanced geothermal system;genesis mechanism;geothermal energy;Chinese continent.地热资源是一种极具竞争力的清洁、可再生能源，具有资源量大、能源利用效率高、成本低、节能减排效果好等诸多优点.在当前形势下，大规模开发利用地热能是贯彻落实习近平总书记国