1、2023年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was always timid(羞怯的). Being new to the school made me even _1_ , so it was surprising Id _2_ to anyone around me. Now I was paying the priceto write a fivepage essay on “Why I Should Not Talk in Class”. Th
2、at would take all night!After I got home, though. I took my time petting the catpostponing the pain.When I finally sat down to _3_, I began with the reasons Ms Black would want to hear.Talking kept me and my neighbours from _4_. One paragraph down; now what? I chewed on my pencil. Aha! What if talki
3、ng were the first step towards life as a criminal? Without the education I was throwing away, Id turn to theft and go to prison. When I got out, people would say, “She used to talk in class.” The pages began _5_.But when mum got home from work, I was still _6_, “Five pages! Thats impossible!”“Well,
4、youd better get back to work,” she said. “and I want to read it when youre through.”Soon after dinner, I handed the essay to mum. I half expected a_7_at least an “I hope youve learned your lesson”. _8_, mum laughed and laughed as she read.The next day, when Ms Black read the essay to the class, ever
5、yone laughed. I could _9_ they werent making fun of me: they laughed because I had the power to tell a funny story. My_10_ still needed some nudging(激发), but I did learn I wasnt shy in print.1. A. freerB. shyerC. calmerD. happier2. A. nodB. pointC. listenD. chat3. A. weepB. restC. writeD. read4. A.
6、learningB. playingC. planningD. laughing5 A. standing outB. flying byC. breaking upD. checking in6. A. celebratingB. longingC. complainingD. warning7. A. lectureB. reasonC. rewardD. solution8. A. ThereforeB. MoreoverC. MeanwhileD. Instead9. A. hopeB. imagineC. tellD. predict10. A. patienceB. confide
7、nceC. toleranceD. independence第二节(共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). Im British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _11_(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all
8、30 guests showed up _12_(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest_13_(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mangroves, known as
9、“red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots. When _14_(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.Mangroves can help soften waves and protect _15_(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now
10、, China _16_(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention _17_ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of
11、 runs in Chicago, _18_ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action _19_(address)the struggles of people around the world _20_(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.第二部分
12、阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The International Olympic Committee(IOC)Young Leaders programme empowers talents to make a positive difference in their communities through sport. Twenty-five Young Leaders are being selected every two years for a four-year period. T
13、hey promote the Olympic values, spreading the message of sport for good.To be an IOC Young Leader, you need to first complete the 4-Week Learning Sprint (冲刺).4-Week Learning SprintThe 4-Week Learning Sprint, which will take place during November 2023, is a virtual learning programme. The sessions ca
14、n be attended live or watched back after they are made available on the IOC channel. Each week, participants will be asked to complete a topicspecific reflection task.The 4-Week Learning Sprint is open to anyone, with the target audience aged between 20 and 28.After successfully completing the 4-Wee
15、k Learning Sprint, you will need to submit a plan for a sportbased project, which you will work on if selected as an IOC Young Leader.Requirements for the ApplicantsYou have successfully completed the 4-Week Learning Sprint.You have completed your high school studiesYou have at least one year of wor
16、k experience.You have strong public speaking skills.You are self-motivated and committed.You are passionate about creating positive change in your community.You are open to being coached and advised by experts and peers (同伴).You are able to work with people from different backgrounds.21. In the 4-We
17、ek Learning Sprint, participants will _.A. create change in their communityB. attend a virtual learning programmeC. meet people from different backgroundsD. promote the IOC Young Leaders project22. If selected as an IOC Young Leader, one will need to _.A. complete a reflection task each weekB. watch
18、 sports on the IOC channelC. work on a sport-based projectD. coach and advise their peers23. Which is a requirement for the applicants?A. Spreading the message of sport for good.B. Having at least one-year work experience.C. Showing great passion for project planning.D. Committing themselves to beco
19、ming an expert.Sitting in the garden for my friends birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email senders name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to info
20、rm you”and my vision blurred (模糊). The positionmeasuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying and I thought the rejection meant the end of the
21、road for my science career.So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shockedand overjoyedwhen she invited me to talk with her
22、about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didnt seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I
23、could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didnt. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my de
24、sired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted
25、into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.Rather than setting plans in stone, Ive learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they dont sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.24. How did the author feel upon seeing the email senders
26、 name?A. Anxious.B. Angry.C. Surprised.D. Settled.25. After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to _.A. criticise the review processB. stay longer in the Sahara DesertC. apply to the original project againD. put his heart and soul into the lab work26. According to the author, the projec
27、t with the robotics professor was _.A. demandingB. inspiringC. misleadingD. amusing27. What can we learn from this passage?A. An invitation is a reputation.B. An innovation is a resolution.C. A rejection can be a redirection.D. A reflection can be a restriction.In recent years, researchers from dive
28、rse fields have agreed that short-termism is now a significant problem in industrialised societies. The inability to engage with longer-term causes and consequences leads to some of the worlds most serious problems: climate change, biodiversity collapse, and more. The historian Francis Cole argues t
29、hat the West has entered a period where “only the present exists, a present characterised at once by the cruelty of the instant and by the boredom of an unending now”.It has been proved that people have a bias (偏向) towards the present, focusing on loud attractions in the moment at the expense of the
30、 health, well-being and financial stability of their future selves or community. In business, this bias surfaces as short-sighted decisions. And on slow-burning problems like climate change, it translates into the unwillingness to make small sacrifices (牺牲) today that could make a major difference t
31、omorrow. Instead, all that matters is next quarters profit, or satisfying some other near-term desires.These biased perspectives cannot be blamed on one single cause. It is fair to say, though, that our psychological biases play a major role. Peoples hesitancy to delay satisfaction is the most obvio
32、us example, but there are others.One of them is about how the most accessible information in the present affects decisions about the future. For instance, you might hear someone say: “Its cold this winter, so I neednt worry about global warming.”Another is that loud and urgent matters are given too
33、much importance, making people ignore longer-term trends that arguably matter more. This is when a pop star draws far more attention than, say, gradual biodiversity decline.As a psychologist once joked, if aliens (外星人) wanted to weaken humanity, they wouldnt send ships; they would invent climate cha
34、nge. Indeed, when it comes to environmental transformations, we can develop a form of collective “poor memory”, and each new generation can believe the state of affairs they encounter is nothing out of the ordinary. Older people today, for example, can remember a time with insect-covered car windscr
35、eens after long drives. Children, on the other hand, have no idea that insect population has dropped dramatically.28. The author quotes Francis Cole mainly to _.A. draw a comparisonB. introduce a topicC. evaluate a statementD. highlight a problem29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Cl
36、imate change has been forgotten.B. Lessons of history are highly valued.C. The human mind is bad at noting slow change.D. Humans are unwilling to admit their shortcomings.30. What does the author intend to tell us?A. Far-sighted thinking matters to humans.B. Humans tend to make long-term sacrifices.
37、C Current policies facilitate future decision-making.D. Bias towards the present helps reduce near-term desires.What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and its challenging to do science with a sa
38、mple size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short is the systematic attempt to spell out lifes fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.So far no one has convincingly
39、 made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the fields doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The
40、 existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, So whats the worth of artificial life? Do you ever think, What is the worth of your grandmother?”As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their researchs applications, the attempts to create artificial l
41、ife could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALifes cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. Th
42、e only system known to exhibit this is Earths biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce lifes endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One
43、 reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept life itself is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesnt help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its mud
44、dled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics arent in any way surprising or sing
45、ular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.31. Regarding Alan Smiths defence of ALife, the author is .A
46、. supportiveB. puzzledC. unconcernedD. doubtful32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Shocked.B. Protected.C. Attracted.D. Challenged.33. What can we learn from this passage?A ALife holds the key to human future.B. ALife and AI share a common feature.C. AI
47、mirrors the developments of ALife.D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts
48、 to Create ALife Evolve, Too?第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Its a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. _35_When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, theyre often surprise