1、2018年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hea
2、r a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a supermarket. B. At the laundry. C. In a clothing store. D. At the tailors.2. A. He enjoys working hard. B. He is tired of piles of
3、 work.C. His complaint about work is sensible. D. His hard work doesnt pay off. 3. A. Hes changing the light. B. Hes burning the wires.C. Hes dancing on the desk. D. Hes checking the bulb.4. A. 100. B. 200. C. 700. D. 600.5. A. She has no chance to get the job. B. She is sure to be hired.C. There wi
4、ll be a fierce competition. D. Others will not give the chance to her.6. A. A little drinking can make the man sleep more comfortably.B. The mans habit of drinking wine keeps him awake all night.C. This man should sleep in a comfortable bed.D. Both the bed and the wine should be blamed for the mans
5、insomnia.7. A. The size of the shirt is probably small for him.B. He doesnt want any new shirt.C. Hes exercising to put on some weight.D. The receipt is essential to buy another shirt.8. A. Lead him to take another flight.B. Provide him with a place to stay tonight.C. Tell his friends to pick him up
6、 at the airport.D. Inform him of the new flight in time.9. A. A very popular hotel. B. The competitive job market.C. The large population of the city. D. The hot news on TV.10. A. The physics problem is Greek to all the students.B. Professor smith cannot teach the students well.C. The man still does
7、nt understand the problem.D. It is unfortunate for the man to have physics class.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but t
8、he questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Britain. B. France. C. Spain. D. America.12. A. St. A
9、ugustine was destroyed by the hurricanes in 2017.B. America became in charge of St. Augustine in 1821.C. The United Kingdom is the real owner of St. Augustine now.D. The visitors do not like to see the coastal views there.13. A. The extraordinary history of St. Augustine.B. The hardships St. Augusti
10、ne once suffered.C. The popular coastal tourism of St. Augustine.D. The beautiful architecture and scenery in St. Augustine.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The transport system of London is available everywhere.B. Tokyos lost property office is the biggest one in th
11、e world.C. The lost items are an important source of funding for London.D. In most cases, people dont care about the things they lost.15. A. The lost items are collected all over the country.B. Losing old things may become a good chance for new ones.C. The items that are not claimed will be valuable
12、 for the transport.D. Most of the lost items will be given back to the owners.16. A. Losing shoes enables them to meet new opportunities.B. The lost shoes are meaningless to them.C. They get the chance to treat themselves with new shoes.D. Shoes once get lost, ifs difficult to find them back.Questio
13、ns 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Shes discussing business with this man.B. Shes looking around a house for rent.C. Shes watching the house she wants to buy.D. She is talking about the loan with the bank staff.18. A. The wine storage area. B. The advanced equipment.C. T
14、he relaxing colors of the wall. D. The reasonable layout.19. A. Its dirty cheap. B. Its unreasonableC. Its unexpected. D. It,s acceptable.20. A. The householder often ignores customers offering.B. The woman is superior to others in buying this house.C. The house agent is uncertain about the womans o
15、ffering.D. The house has been ordered in advance by other people.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the
16、 given word； for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of pre
17、mature thinning of their brains cortex一the outer layer that processes sensory information. We dont know if it _1_ (cause) by the screen time. We dont know yet if its a bad thing. It wont be until we follow them over time _2_ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences
18、that were seeing in this single snapshot, Dr. Gaya Dowling. uWhat we can say is that this is _3_the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And its not just one pattern.The problem isnt just screens _4_, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far mo
19、re important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents dont get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) , these patterns of activity and rest arise _5_habits we develop early in life. uWhat we really nee
20、d to do is _6_ (bring) back play for children, says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. “ This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while _7_ (protect) sleep. Of course,
21、children arent completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents _8_complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study _9_ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in
22、front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially fo
23、r their kids一 _10_ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. committed B. compared C. contact D. dele
24、gation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessedSome Very American Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语)or other Chinese languages rather than Manda
25、rin. Lets start with them.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems _11_. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means knock your head ”. It refers to the act of kneeling
26、and lowering ones head as a sign of respect to _12_ such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britains Lord George Macartney refused to “kau tau to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word kowtow was born.
27、In 1793, Britains King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to _13_ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his _14_to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they wer
28、e required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung
29、-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through _15_ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters gong and he together mean work together, cooperate. The original termgongyehezudshemeans Chine
30、se Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying . all the soldier
31、s _16_themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had _17_. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II.The men were often cal
32、led the “Gung Ho Battalion. From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Coips. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and _18_ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typ
33、hoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called touffons or tufans. The word tufan o
34、r al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and boiTowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means great wind. The words _19_ to touffon is on
35、ly by chance. The modern form of the wordtyphoonwas influenced by the Cantonese but _20_to make it appear more Greek.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase
36、that best fits the context.When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they dont drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. _21_, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teen
37、agers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into _22_. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a drivers license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay ha
38、s plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) _23_ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the _24_ have slimmed considerabl
39、y. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, Oh, its because teenagers are more respons
40、ible, or more lazy, or more boring, but theyre _25_ the larger trend, said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less _26_ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in todays society, they no
41、longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a persons life strategy slows down or speeds up depending on his or her _27_, exposure to a harsh and unpredictable environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the _28_ effect, the s
42、tudy said. In the first _29_, Youd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more _30_and fewer resources, said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of iGen： Why
43、Todays Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood.In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more _31_ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procu
44、rement of resources, the study said. But America is shifting more toward the _32_model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didnt have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully
45、 _33_ has really sunk in. The _34_of 41 adult activities could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of comm
46、unity service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the _35_, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it
47、is a good thing, he said.21. A. ThereforeB. RatherC. MoreoverD. Besides22. A. childhoodB. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood23. A. escapesB. endsC. decreasesD. changes24. A. minoritiesB. majoritiesC. massesD. amounts25. A. takingB. avoidingC. sendingD. missing26. A. interestedB. enviedC. relieve
48、dD. realized27. A. emotionsB. surroundingsC. customsD. habits28. A. wrongB. sameC. oppositeD. similar29. A. eventB. issueC. caseD. occasion30. A. troubleB. questionsC. benefitsD. diseases31. A. respectivelyB. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerably32. A. slowerB. betterC. smallerD. faster33. A. emphasizedB. relatedC. organizedD. educated34. A. implementB. postponementC. achievement