1、小学语法精讲精练 专题02 介词思考引入介词在英语中有什么作用呢?介词就像中介一样,它连接不同的成分,用来表示词与词之间、词与句子之间的关系。可是介词的用法太多了,根本记不住啊!哈哈!不要气馁。英语中介词的用法确实多种多样,但我们可以根据介词的用途将其分类,这样记起来就容易多了。知识概览知识精讲一、时间介词表示在某个时间的介词叫时间介词，常用的有at,on,in等。1.at用于很短的时间和准确的数字前(1)用于具体的时间点前I usually get up at 7:00.我通常七点起床。(2)用于短暂的时刻前I dont like going out at night.我不喜欢晚上外出。(3
2、)用于进餐时间前We can talk about it at lunch.我们可以在午餐时讨论。(4)用于年龄前I started to learn English at 5.我五岁开始学英语的。(5)用于某些固定搭配中at first起初，首先at last最后，终于at the beginning开始at the moment目前，此刻2.on用于某天或某几天前(1)用于日期前April Fools Day is on April 1st.愚人节是四月一日。(2)用于星期前We have English on Monday.我们星期一有英语课。Is the museum open on
3、Sundays?博物馆星期天开放吗?(3)用于节假日前I want to give a card to Miss Li on Teachers Day.我想在教师节送李老师一张贺卡。3.in用于较长的一段时间前(1)泛指一天的早上/下午/傍晚What time do you usually get up in the morning?你通常早上几点起床?(2)用于周、月、季节、年等大于一天的时间前I was born in 2012.我出生于2012年。My birthday is in May.我的生日在五月。其他常见的时间介词：before在之前after在之后past晚于during在期
4、间since自从until到时；直到才热身小练填一填。请你填写合适的时间介词将下列句子补充完整。1.He was born_November 2010.2.People often go to work_Mondays.3. They came _six and went_nine.答案：1.in 2.on 3.at; at二、地点介词地点介词包含表示地点的介词和表示方位的介词。1.表示地点的常用介词(1)at后面接较小的地点或精确的位置，如：学校、医院、车站等I have lunch at school.我在学校吃午餐。You can call me at 028-3357980.你可以打电
5、话028-3357980给我。(电话、邮箱可看作具体地址)(2)in后面接表示大范围和相对较大的空间，如：村、镇、城市、国家等I live in Chengdu.我住在成都。Tom is studying in China.汤姆正在中国学习。2.表示方位的常用介词(1)on,意为“在上面”My Chinese book is on my desk.我的语文书在我的书桌上。(2)under,意为“在下面”Lily is sitting under a big tree.莉莉正坐在一棵大树下面。(3)in,意为“在里面”My pen is in my pencil box.我的钢笔在我的文具盒里。
6、(4)between,意为“在之间”,两者之间The hospital is between the shop and the restaurant.医院位于商店和饭馆之间。(5)beside/next to,意为“在旁边”Wendy sits beside/next to me.温迪坐在我旁边。(6)behind,意为“在后面”There is a park behind our school.我们学校后面有一个公园。(7) in(the)front of,意为“在前面”The tree is in front of the house.这棵树在房子前面。(树在房子外面)The blackb
7、oard is in the front of the classroom.黑板在教室的前面。(黑板在教室里面)热身小练填一填。请你填写合适的地点介词将下列句子补克完整。1.China is_Asia.2.My home is_the park and the hospital.3.Im short but Tina is tall, so she sits_me.4. Its very cold outside. Id like to stay_home.答案：1.in 2. between 3.behind 4.at三、方式介词表示方式和手段的介词叫方式介词。常见的方式介词有by,in,t
8、hrough,with等。1.by,意为“通过”(1)by+交通工具，表示所用的交通方式l go to school by bike.我骑自行车去上学。(2)by doing,表示通过某种方式We study English by playing games.我们通过玩游戏来学习英语。2.through,意为“通过，凭借”,表示通过某种方式，有时可与by互换He succeeded through hard work.他通过努力工作取得了成功。He makes himself relaxed through/by listening to music.他通过听音乐来使自己放松。3.in,意为“
9、用”,表示使用某种材料、语言等He paid in cash.他用现金支付。Lets talk in English!我们用英语交流吧!4. with,意为“用，以”,表示使用某种工具I painted the picture with crayons.我用蜡笔给这幅画上色。Chop the onions with a sharp knife.用尖刀把洋葱切碎。热身小练填一填。请你填写合适的方式介词将下列句子补充完整。1.Shall I write_this pen?2.Please read it_Chinese.3.My father goes to work_car.答案：1.with
10、2.in 3.by四、其他常用介词1.of,意为“的”,表示从属关系，多用于名词所有格中This is a map of China.这是一张中国的地图。He is a friend of my father.他是我父亲的一位朋友。2.for,意为“为了”时，表示目的；意为“由于”时，表示原因What did you do that for?你这么做是为了什么?(表目的)Im sorry for what l did.我为我做的事情感到抱歉。(表原因)3.from,意为“从”,后面接地点时，表示来自某地；接时间时，常与to连用，表示从某时到某时Tina is from Singapore.蒂娜
11、来自新加坡。My piano class is from ten to eleven.我的钢琴课是从十点到十一点。4.about,意为“关于”,表示某种事物的内容They are talking about music.他们正在谈论音乐。This is a book about friendship.这是一本关于友情的书。5.through,意为“穿过”,表示空间上的穿过、经过Light comes in through the window.光穿过窗户照进来。We passed through France on our way to Italy.我们在去意大利的路上经过了法国。6. wit
12、h,意为“和一起；具有，带有”,表示伴随Im going shopping with my mother.我要和我妈妈一起去购物。My grandparents live in a big house with a beautiful garden.我的祖父母住在一栋有漂亮花园的大房子里。热身小练填一填。请你填写合适的介词将下列句子补充完整。1.This is a picture_my family.2. They are_the same school.3.My brother is playing_a little dog.4. Can you tell me_your school li
13、fe?答案：1.of 2.from 3.with 4. about知识精练一、单选题( )1Childrens Day is _ the first of June. AonBinCat( )2Mike will travel to Beijing _ three days. AforBonCat( )3Next week we will travel in Hainan _ seven days. AatBinCfor( )4When is Tree Planting Day, Li Lei? Its _ March 12th.AatBinConDto( )5Its next _ the p
14、ark _ Qingnian Street. Ato; onBto; atCat; on( )6The Dragon Boat Festival is _ the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, usually in June. AinBatCon( )7Lily was born _ February 24th, 1999. AinBonCat( )8Im going there _ plane _ June 12. Aby; inBon; inCby; on( )9We often have dinner _ 6:30 _ the evening _ the
15、 weekend. Aat; in; onBin; of; atCwith; by; to( )10Im going to the post office _ five oclock. AonBinCat( )11Turn right _ the cinema, then go _. Aat; straightBat; onCon; for( )12I often go for a walk _ my mother on the weekend. AandBbutCwithDin( )13Our art room is _ the second floor. AinBonCofDunder(
16、)14They go to London _ plane. AonBbyCwith( )15She takes the bus _ a different way. AinBwithCuse( )16Im going to buy a toy rabbit _ my lucky money. AwithBandCfor( )17Tim is talking _ his travel plan _ his brother. Awith; aboutBabout; andCabout; with二、选词/短语填空选词填空。AOn Bwith C for Dto E. of18When did th
17、ey get back _ Henan?19_ the first day, I had a cold.20She wants to buy a new kite _ me.21Im playing baseball _ my friends.22I took lots _ pictures yesterday.三、补全句子23My hobby is collecting stamps _ (从来) Canada.24There are many big cities in China _ (像)Beijing and Shanghai.25Can I have some noodles w_
18、 meat?26You cant go to school _ (无；没有) breakfast.27This is my postcard _ (来自) the US.四、按要求填空(A)用适当的介词填空。28We are going to the Ming Tombs _ the afternoon.29The Great Wall is not far _ the Ming Tombs.30We can learn a lot _ the history of China.31The Ming Tombs are in the north _ Beijing.32We are going
19、 to stay in Nanjing _ three days.(B)用适当的介词填空。33Go _ this road.34_ the road, there is a hotel.35There is a new car _ front of the building.36The book shop is _ the left.37I was born _ July 2, and my birthday is coming soon.38I want to buy an interesting book _ animals.(C)用适当的介词填空。39Now we can play ga
20、mes _ English.40I stayed _ home last winter.41We learn _ each other.42Let me tell you something _ my school life.43We often worked _ groups.答案：1A2A3C4C5A6C7B8C9A10C11A12C13B14B15A16A17C18D 19A 20C 21B 22E23from24like25with26without 27from28in 29from 30about 31of 32for33down 34Across 35in 36on 37on 38about39in 40at 41from 42about 43in记忆口诀时间介词年月周前要用in,日期前面却不行。遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in;要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不错。地点介词on在上面，under下；in在里面，behind后；旁边beside和next to;between位于两者间。