1、小学语法精讲精练 专题03 冠词思考引入什么是冠词啊?冠在中文里是帽子的意思,而冠词总是位于名词前面,就像戴在名词头上的帽子,所以被称为冠词。那名词前面可以随便戴帽子吗?当然不行了。英语中的冠词分三种,定冠词the、不定冠词a/an零冠词。今天我们就来看看什么样的名词要戴帽子,以及给名词戴什么样的帽子。知识概览知识精讲一、定冠词the定冠词the主要表示“特指”。1.用于表示时期、年代、世纪的名词或数词前in the 1970s在20世纪70年代the 18th century18世纪2.用于表示具体的地点、方位和时间前on the right在右边in the morning 在早上in t
2、he east在东方3.用于特定的名称前the West Lake 西湖the Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔the Spring Festival 春节4.用于表示特定的人或物，以区别同类中的其他人或物The pencil is not mine.这支铅笔不是我的。The girl in red is my sister.穿红色衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。5.用于谈话双方都知道的人或物前Keys are under the table.钥匙在桌子下面。Dad is cooking in the kitchen.爸爸正在厨房做饭。6.用于前面已提到过的人或物前I bought a book. T
3、he book is very funny.我买了一本书。这本书很有趣。Tom sent me a postcard. The postcard is very beautiful.汤姆给我寄了一张明信片。这张明信片很漂亮。7.用于西洋乐器前Jenny can play the piano.珍妮会弹钢琴。He will play the violin at the party.他要在派对上演奏小提琴。8.用于序数词前My family live on the fifth floor.我们一家住在五楼。She is the first girl met in Beijing.她是我在北京遇见的第
4、一个女孩。9.用于世界上独一无二的事物前Birds fly in the sky.鸟儿在天空中飞翔。The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。10.用于形容词的最高级前He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班最高的男孩。Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。11.用于某些形容词前，表示一类人the blind = the blind people盲人The blind are sensitive about sound.盲人对声音很敏感。the po
5、or = the poor people穷人We should raise some money to help the poor.我们应该筹一些钱去帮助穷人。12.用于表示姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人The Smiths live in London.史密斯一家住在伦敦。The Whites will come to China next week.怀特一家下周会来中国。13.用于固定搭配中by the way顺便说一下all the time一直in the end终于；最后at the same time 同时热身小练翻一翻。请你将下列中文句子翻译成英文。1.我喜欢早上跑步。_2.我会弹
6、吉他。_3.格林(Green)一家都是我的朋友。_4.俄罗斯(Russia)是世界上最大的国家。_答案：1.I like running in the morning.2.I can play the guitar.3. The Greens are my friends. 4. Russia is the biggest/largest country in the world.二、不定冠词a/an不定冠词主要泛指一类人、事物或同类事物中的某一个。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。a book 一本书an orange 一个橙子1.用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“1
7、”I have a pen.我有一支笔。I have an apple.我有一个苹果。2.用于泛指某类事物中的任意一个A cat is on the roof.有一只猫在屋顶上。He met a beautiful girl yesterday.他昨天遇见一个很漂亮的女孩。3.用于表示一类人或一类事物A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比马强壮。4.用于第一次提到的事物前，表示介绍某人或某物This is an eraser.这是一块橡皮擦。Mr. Smith was
8、a teacher.史密斯先生曾是一名教师。5.用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”l do exercise three times a week.我每周锻炼三次。l go to the movie once a month.我每月去看一次电影。6.用于固定搭配中a little 一点，少许a lot of 许多，大量half an hour 半小时have a good time玩得开心热身小练判一判。请你判断下列冠词使用是否正确(正确画“”,错误画“”)。( )1.Mary is the girl.( )2.I have a soccer.( )3.I want to eat a
9、 apple.( )4.I see an elephant in the zoo.答案：1. 2. 3. 4.三、零冠词名词前面不加冠词的现象就称为零冠词。1.表示泛指的复数可数名词或不可数名词前不加冠词Music can make me relax.音乐能使我放松。Books are my best friends.书是我最好的朋友。2.学科、语言、三餐等名词前不加冠词My favorite subject is Chinese.我最喜欢的学科是语文。Helen can speak English very well.海伦英语说得很好。I had an egg, some bread and
10、 a glass of milk for breakfast.我早餐吃了一个鸡蛋、一些面包，喝了一杯牛奶。3.球类、棋类、游戏等名词前不加冠词Lets go to play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。Im good at playing chess.我擅长下棋。They are playing games under the tree.他们正在树下玩游戏。4.国家、城市、人名、称呼、头衔等名词前不加冠词Im from China.我来自中国。Im going to Beijing.我要去北京。Tom is my best friend.汤姆是我最好的朋友。Mom, can I wa
11、tch TV?妈妈，我能看电视吗?5.季节、月份、星期、以Day结尾的西方节日前不加冠词I can go swimming in summer.夏天我可以去游泳。My birthday is in May.我的生日在五月。Tomorrow is Christmas Day.明天是圣诞节。Ill go to the movie on Sunday.星期天我要去看电影。6.名词前有代词或有名词所有格修饰时不加冠词My father is a doctor.我爸爸是医生。This is Jennys pencil.这是珍妮的铅笔。There are some fish in the river.河里
12、有一些鱼。7.一些固定搭配中的名词前不加冠词by bus 乘坐公交车on foot 走路in time 及时at night 在晚上last year 去年热身小练选一选，填一填。请你选择合适的冠词将下列句子补充完整。1.Can you play_(a,an, the,/)chess?2.Sam is_(a,an, the,/)American boy.3._(a,an, the,/)girl in red is my_(a,an,the,/)sister.4. There are many_(a,an,the,/) trees in_(a,an,the,/)park.答案：1./ 2. an
13、 3. The;/ 4./;the知识精练一、单选题( )1Spring Festival is _ important festival in China. AaBanC/( )2China is _ old country. Many foreigners (外国人) learn more about her on _ Internet. Aa; theBan; anCan; the( )3Where is Mr. Smiths office? Its on _ floor of the tall building right across the street.AfiveBfifthCt
14、he fiveDthe fifth( )4Did you play _ ping-pong? No, I didnt. I played _ piano.A/; theBthe; theCthe; /( )5How do you usually go to school? By _ bus, but sometimes I ride _ bike.Aa; theBa; /C/; a( )6What _ interesting story! I like it very much. AaBanCthe( )7Lang Lang is _ great artist. He plays _ pian
15、o well. Aa; theBan; theCan; a( )8There is _ apple tree in my garden. In _ tree, there is _ small house for the birds. Aan; the; aBan; the; anCthe; the; aDan; the; the( )9_ clock on the wall in his bedroom is very expensive. ATheBAnCA( )10Paris is _ capital of _ France. Athe; /Bthe; aCa; a( )11_ sun
16、is very shining. AABAnCThe( )12Jack has _ umbrella. _ umbrella is new. Aan; ABan; theCan; The( )13Alice is fond of playing _ piano but her father bought her _ violin. Athe; aBthe; theCa; aDa; the( )14What are you going to do tomorrow? Im going to have _ art lessonAaBanCtheD/( )15There is _ “E” in _
17、word “read”. Aa; anBan; theCan; a( )16Linda wants to be _ teacher. She wants to work in _ university. Aa; aBa; anCan; an( )17_ is the lab? Its on _ floor.AWheres; fifthBWhat; the secondCWhere; the secondDWhats; two( )18Speaking is _ useful way for us to learn English. AaBtheCanD/( )19You need about
18、_ hour of exercise a day. AaBtheCan( )20That is _ dinosaur in this hall. Athe tallestBtallestCtaller二、选词/短语填空21Alice wants to buy _ (an / a) new bike.22We usually have _ (an / a) dragon boat race.23What _ (an / a) interesting storybook!24Shes sending _ (a / an) email to my friend.25Here is _ (a / an
19、) umbrella for you.26Li Ping is playing _ (the / a) flute.27Lucy wants _ (a / an) ice cream.28What _ (a / an) interesting DVD!29This is _ (a / an) little ant.选择正确的冠词填空a an the /30I have _ orange. Its _ big orange.31_ Great Wall is _ longest wall all over the world. Its in _ China.32This is _ old boo
20、k. But it is _ useful book.33I like playing _ piano. But my brother likes playing _ football.34I usually have _ dinner at 6:30 p.m. Then I go for _ walk with my parents.35What _ interesting story it is!36_ children are very happy on _ Childrens Day.37Look! Theres _ apple tree. _ tree is tall. You ca
21、n see _ cat under it.三、用适当的冠词填空。38_ Greens went to England last month.39Would you like _ apple or _ banana?40Do you know _ boys name?41_ pencil on the book is hers.42My sister is _ honest girl.四、用适当的冠词填空。43There is _ girl under the tree, _ girl is Lucy.44Its windy in _ spring.45I am good at playing
22、_ soccer, and my sister is good at playing _ violin.46My father goes to work six days in _ week.47We went to the park in _ morning and went shopping in _ afternoon.答案：1B2C3D4A5C6B7A8A9A10A11C12C13A14B15B16A17C18A19C20A21a22a23an24an25an26the27an28an29a30 an a 31The the / 32an a 33the / 34 / a 35an 36The / 37an The a38The 39an a 40the 41The 42an43a the 44/ 45 / the 46a 47the the记忆口诀定冠词e复数姓氏年代前,固定搭配及习语;特指双方都熟悉,或者上文曾提及;世上独一无二物,方位名词和乐器;遇到序数最高级,定冠词the必在前。不定冠词a/an冠词a,an两种帽,单数可教名词要。开头续音是元音,要把an帽来桃选。辅音开头戴a帽,记住规律莫乱套。不定冠词相当one,但不强调教观念。零冠词下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泣指,节日星期月份前;语种城市和国名,称呼习语及头街。