1、生态毒理学报Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology第 17 卷 第 6 期 2022 年 12 月Vol.17,No.6 Dec.2022 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107501);海南省自然科学基金资助项目(420QN316);中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所自由选题专项(hzsjy2021001)第一作者:谭华东(1991),男,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为有机污染物的环境行为及效应,E-mail: *通信作者(Corresponding author),E-mail:#共同通信作者(Co-corresponding author),E-mail:
2、DOI:10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211214001谭华东,王传咪,吴秋敏,等.澄迈冬季蔬菜种植区地表水体中新烟碱类杀虫剂的分布特征、影响因素及其生态风险评估J.生态毒理学报,2022,17(6):345-356Tan H D,Wang C M,Wu Q M,et al.Distribution,interfering factors and ecological risks of neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water of winter vegeta-ble planting area from Chengmai,Chi
3、na J.Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2022,17(6):345-356(in Chinese)澄迈冬季蔬菜种植区地表水体中新烟碱类杀虫剂的分布特征、影响因素及其生态风险评估谭华东1,2,*,王传咪1,3,吴秋敏1,4,崔艳梅1,2,武春媛1,2,#1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口 5711012.国家农业环境儋州观测实验站,儋州 5717373.海南大学热带作物学院,海口 5702284.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070收稿日期:2021-12-14 录用日期:2022-03-14摘要:在我国热带区冬季蔬菜种植过程中,新烟碱类
4、杀虫剂(neonicotinoid insecticides,NNIs)持续输入周围水体中,但其污染特征及生态风险尚不清楚。为此,以我国热带典型冬季蔬菜种植区 海南澄迈县为研究区域,采集冬季蔬菜种植期周围28 个地表水样,利用分散固相萃取结合超高液相色谱串联质谱(QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS)测定水体中 5 种 NNIs 残留水平,包括啶虫脒(acetamiprid,ACE)、噻虫胺(clothianidin,CLO)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid,THA)、吡虫啉(imidacloprid,IMI)和噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam,THM),识别 NNIs 残留关键影响因素,并
5、应用物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)法评估其水生生态风险。结果表明,地表水体中 NNIs 总浓度范围为 0.30 14.70 g L-1,IMI、ACE 是主要的 NNIs 残留种类,浓度占比高达 88.4%,检出率高达 100%;NNIs 分布具有显著的空间特征,总体呈现中部地区残留浓度最高,东北、西南区域次之,西北区域污染水平最低。冗余分析揭示,水体中总有机碳(total organic carbon,TOC)、氮磷营养元素与 NNIs 残留呈现正相关,同时也受种植蔬菜种类的影响。生态风险评估结果显示,所有水样 NNIs 超过急性和
6、慢性 SSD 阈值5%危害质量浓度(hazardous concentration for 5%ofthe species,HC5),表明 NNIs 对该区域地表水体具有不可接受的风险,因此需要关注 NNIs 对该区域水体水生生物的影响。关键词:新烟碱类杀虫剂;地表水;生态风险;残留特征;热带区文章编号:1673-5897(2022)6-345-12 中图分类号:X171.5 文献标识码:ADistribution,Interfering Factors and Ecological Risks of Neonicotinoid In-secticides in Surface Water o
7、f Winter Vegetable Planting Area fromChengmai,ChinaTan Huadong1,2,*,Wang Chuanmi1,3,Wu Qiumin1,4,Cui Yanmei1,2,Wu Chunyuan1,2,#1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China2.National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultur
8、al Environment,Danzhou 571737,China346 生态毒理学报第 17 卷3.College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China4.College of Resources&Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,ChinaReceived 14 December 2021 accepted 14 March 2022Abstract:Neonicotinoid insecticides(NNIs)have been
9、 continuously applied to winter vegetable planting areas intropical China for decades.However,the occurrence,distribution,and driving factors of NNIs in surface water fromagricultural areas in Hainan,tropical China,as well as their corresponding ecological risks,remain unclear.For thispurpose,28 run
10、off water samples were collected from the winter vegetable planting region of Chengmai County,Hainan Province,China.The concentrations of five NNIs,namely,acetamiprid(ACE),clothianidin,thiacloprid,im-idacloprid(IMI),and thiamethoxam,in surface water were detected by solid-phase extraction based on h
11、ydrophilic-lipophilic balanced polymer adsorbent coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry.The ecological risks of IMI and ACE were also assessed using the species sensitivity distribution(SSD)methods.Results showed that the total concentration of NNIs in surf
12、ace water ranged from 0.30 to 14.70 g L-1,and also that IMI and ACE are the main species of NNIs with a contribution of 88.4%and detection fre-quency of 100%.The significant spatial distributions of NNIs in surface water were observed with the highest lev-els in the central region,followed by the no
13、rtheast and southwest regions,and lowest levels in the northwest andsouthwest regions of Chengmai County.Redundancy analysis showed that total organic carbon and nitrogen orphosphorus nutrients in surface water highly affected the distribution of NNIs in surface water,and they were alsorelated to cr
14、op types.Risk assessment showed that 100%of surface water exceed the acute and chronic SSDthreshold of hazardous concentration for 5%of the species(HC5)of NNIs,indicating that NNIs posed an unac-ceptable risk to surface water in this area,especially for aquatic invertebrates such asCloeonsp.andCerio
15、daphniadubia.Keywords:neonicotinoid insecticide;surface water;ecological risk;occurrence;tropics新 烟 碱 类 杀 虫 剂(neonicotinoid insecticides,NNIs)属植物内吸性杀虫剂,可有效地防治蓟马、蚜虫、白粉虱和叶蝉等刺吸式口器害虫,是全世界使用最广泛一类新型杀虫剂。目前,NNIs 有超过 120 个国家注册使用,占全球杀虫剂市场销售的 25%1。近 10 年来,已报道 NNIs 可造成严重的生态环境负面效应,如可对水生无脊椎动物个体生理生化和群体行为造成不利影响,甚至影
16、响整个水生生态系统的结构和功能2-3。加之,NNIs 具有环境伪持久性、随水流远距离迁移和生物毒性等特点,能够在食物链与食物网中传递,可对人体健康造成不利影响4-5。NNIs 广泛用于种子包衣处理和虫害防治,据估算其中有超过 80%90%的 NNIs 是直接进入到土壤环境中,且随着灌溉、地表降水和淋滤等方式持续污染周围环境介质6。研究显示,NNIs 在水体中被普遍检出,如 Mahai 等7在长江中游水中检出 6 种NNIs,其中吡虫啉(imidacloprid,IMI)与啶虫脒(acet-amiprid,ACE)检出率高达100%;有26.7%水体超过荷兰规定 IMI 水质标准(0.0083 gL-1),呈现显著的水生生物风险。Chen 等8对我国主要水系河口处水体中 7 种 NNIs 进行分析,普遍检出 IMI、氯噻啉和噻虫嗪(100%),且 NNIs 总浓度处于 0.00896 1.8627 g L-1,其中有 27%和 84%水体超过急性和慢性生态风险的阈值。近年来,越来越多研究证实NNIs 也存在于其他环境介质中,如沉积物9-11、土壤11-12、大气颗粒物13、蔬菜14、人体