1、高考英语,新高考专用,附录,主 谓 一 致高考常考点梳理1.语法一致基本原则主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。2.主谓一致常考用法,课标必备点梳理,易混易错点突破1.被every、each、many a、no等限定的单个主语由and连接时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中,后一个限定词可省略。例句Each boy and(each)girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。2.两个单数名词由and连接表示同一个人、同一个物时,谓语动词用单数。例句The scientist and professor has made a great
2、contribution to the research.这个科学家兼教授已经对这项研究作出了巨大的贡献。,3.定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数保持一致。例句The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visi-tors.长城是世界著名的建筑之一,吸引了许多游客。He is the only one of the students who has passed the maths exam.他是唯一一个通过这次数学考试的学生。The factory used three fifths
3、 of the raw materials,the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三,剩余的留作他用。,4.“more than one+单数名词/many a+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数;在“more+复数名词+than one”结构之后,谓语动词常用复数。例句More than one person was injured in the accident.不止一人在这次事故中受伤。Many a person has been cheated by such tricks.许多人都已被这类骗局所欺骗。M
4、ore members than one are against the proposal.不止一个会员反对这项提议。,虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气用于非真实条件句,使用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气1.用于宾语从句以下动词后的宾语从句常常使用虚拟语气,即谓语为“(should+)动词原形”。,例句The teacher recommended that everyone(should)take an active part in the English party.老师建议每一个人都积极参加英语晚会。,易错提示suggest作“暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说”讲,宾语从句的谓语动词不再
5、使用虚拟语气形式(should+动词原形),而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。,2.用于主语从句It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential+that从句,从句的谓
6、语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。例句It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人们建议将会议推迟到下周。It is strange that he(should)have treated his parents like that.(从句谓语动词的动作在主句谓语动词的动作之前发生时,要用“should have+过去分词”,should可以省略)真奇怪,他竟然那样对他的父母。,3.用于表语从句和同位语从句在suggestion、proposal、order、idea、reques
7、t、advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,谓语构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。例句We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连观光的建议。,虚拟语气在wish、as if、if only后的句子中,虚拟语气在“would rather+that从句”中,虚拟语气在“It is(high)time+that从句”中,虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句,而是通过其他手段来代
8、替条件从句。例句Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.=But for your help,.=If it had not been for your help,.=Had it not been for your help,.没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。,He telephoned to inf
9、orm me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时,你就能见到那位著名的作家了。,虚拟语气用于目的状语从句中在in case、for fear that、in order that、so that等引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词
10、用“could/should/might/would+动词原形”,表示虚拟。例句They left early for fear that they would meet him.他们动身很早,以免和他碰面。I gave you a map so that you wouldnt get lost!我怕你迷路,给过你一张地图!,省 略定语从句中的省略现象限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that、which、whom常可以省略;当先行词是the time、the day、the reason、the place、the way时,关系词when、why、where、that等也可以省略。例句It
11、 happened the day(that/when)I arrived.它是在我到的那天发生的。This is the place(where)John works.这是约翰工作的地方。,状语从句中的省略现象当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或为it,且从句谓语中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。例句She always sings while doing her work.她干活时总是唱歌。Unless repaired,the machine is of no use.如果不被修理,这台机器将毫无用处。I prefer my milk a little sweetened
12、 whenever possible.只要有可能,我喜欢牛奶甜点儿。,不定式中动词的省略为了避免重复已出现过的动词,常单独使用不定式符号to,省略后面的动词原形。1.常用在expect、forget、hope、intend、like、love、mean、prefer、refuse、seem、try、want、wish等动词后面。例句I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影,但是他不想去。,2.用在某些形容词后面,如glad、happy、pleased、delighted等。例句Will you join in the ga
13、me?你愿意参加这个比赛吗?Id be glad to.我愿意。,3.否定形式的省略用not to。例句Shall I go instead of him?我可以代替他去吗?I prefer you not to.我希望你别去。,倒 装部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词、be动词)移至主语之前,谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面。如果谓语部分无上述三种动词,则需找助动词do、did、does来“帮助”它构成倒装句。主从复合句中主句倒装,从句不倒装。1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。例句Only recently have I had time to re
14、ad the book.直到最近我才有时间读这本书。,Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.只因为一些预订票取消他才最终买了一些票。易错提示only 修饰主语时句子不倒装。Only the president could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。,2.not only.but also.不仅而且Not only do sharing bicycles provide great conven
15、ience for people to travel,but also they can ease traffic pressure.共享单车不仅给人们的出行提供很大的便利,而且可以缓解交通压力。易错提示not only置于句首时,所在的分句要部分倒装,but also所在的分句不倒装。,3.在so/such.that(如此以至于)句型中,若so/such.提至句首,则需要部分倒装。在这个句型中,so/such所在的主句要倒装,而that引导的从句不倒装。例句So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.湖水如此浅以至于没有鱼可以在其中生
16、存。Such rapid progress did the boy make that his father gave him permission to travel.那个男孩取得了如此快的进步,以至于他父亲同意他去旅行了。,4.not.until.“直到才”作状语或引导状语从句置于句首时,句子/主句要用部分倒装。例句Not until 1911 was the first kind of the vitamins identified.直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。,5.这两种句式要在主句进行倒装,即在no sooner和hardly/scarcely后倒装。例句Scarcely/H
17、ardly had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.=No sooner had he opened the door than a gust of wind blew the candle out.他一打开门,一阵强风就把蜡烛吹灭了。,6.so/neither/nor置于句首,表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人或物。其句型为:so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应,neither/nor与前面的否定句呼应。例句Football is very important t
18、o me,but so is our friendship.足球对我很重要,但我们的友谊同样重要。I hadnt been to Beijing before and neither had he.我以前没去过北京,他也没去过。,完全倒装在完全倒装的句子中,整个谓语会放在主语的前面。1.当副词here、there、in、out、up、down、away、back、now、then、ahead 或表示地点的介词词组位于句首,谓语动词为be、lie、stand、come、go、follow、run等词时用完全倒装。例句On the top of the mountain stands a temp
19、le.山顶上有座庙。Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.你盼望已久的信在这儿。Up went the rocket into the air.火箭飞上了天。,易错提示注意此类倒装不用进行时态并且若主语是代词时,不用倒装。Up she comes.她走过来了。,2.such置于句首时用完全倒装。例句Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scien-tist.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯
20、坦,一个平凡的人,也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。易错提示此句型中的such多被认为是表语,所以such后的be动词应与其后的主语保持一致。,3.分词/形容词(+地点状语)+be+主语例句坐在前面的是学校的领导。Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.妇女被轻视的日子一去不复返了。,强 调do/does/did+动词原形这种强调句型只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种,只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调,没有疑问和否定形式,do/does/did在句中要重读。例句First impressions really do count.第一印象真的很重要。
21、People think the earth doesnt move at all,but it does move.人们认为地球根本没有动,但它确实在动。The letter she was expecting did arrive.她盼望已久的那封信最终还是到了。,强调句型,方法点拨定语从句与强调句的区分:一般来说,如果把句子中的It is/was和that/who去掉,稍加调整语序,能还原成完整句子,并且句子意思依然完整,则为强调句。,知识拓展it加be再加表示时间的名词词组可构成许多有用的表达,来强调事件发生的时间。It was nearly midnight when I got home.我到家时快午夜了。Its twenty years since I met her.我已经二十年没见她了。It may be many years before the situation improves.这种状况或许要过很多年才能改善。,