1、高考英语,新高考专用,第二部分构词法专题六构词法,知识清单构词法专讲考点一派生法派生法亦称词缀法或缀合法,这是构词法中最活跃的一种,大约有三分之二的英语单词都是用这种方法构成的。因此,掌握一些常用的派生词的构词规律对于我们正确拼写单词和在阅读中正确猜测词义显得尤为重要。在英语的派生词中,词根决定词的根本意义,前缀改变词义(个别前缀 改变词性),后缀引起词类的改变(个别后缀也会改变词义)。,一、前缀1.有否定意义的前缀,2.表示时间、序列关系的前缀,3.表示比较程度差别、数量关系的前缀,4.表示距离等关系的前缀,5.表示特殊意义的前缀,二、后缀在构词法部分,高考语法填空主要考查“词+后缀”。近年
2、来从以下七个方面进行命题。1.动词转换为名词,2.形容词转换为副词,3.名词转换为形容词,4.动词转换为形容词,5.形容词转换为名词,6.名词转换为动词,7.名词转换为名词,考点二合成法合成法指用两个或两个以上的独立的单词合成一个新词的构词法。一、合成名词,二、合成形容词,三、合成副词,四、合成代词,五、合成动词,考点三转化法转化法指一个单词词形不变而改变词性的构词法。,考点四缩写和简写一、截短法,二、首字母缩略法,单句填空构词法专练1.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote en-vironme
3、ntal(protect).(2022全国甲)2.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more(mean-ing).(2022全国甲)3.As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country,China has a(responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of t
4、he tea in-dustry.(2022全国乙),4.When the answer was no,she declined the(invite).(2022浙江1月)5.Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their(day)routines.(2021全国甲)6.Provide(finance)aid and ot
5、her benefits for local peoples.(2021全国乙)7.But thats how nature isalways leaving us(astonish).(2021新高考)8.I told him how(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.(2021新高考),9.But 30 years later,the BMI difference between urban and rural people i
6、n many countries had narrowed(sharp).(2021浙江1月)10.In 1844 they bought it for$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their(marry)ceremony in 1842.(2021浙江6月)11.This is(particular)true in the US.(2020浙江1月)12.Landing on the moons far side is(extreme)challenging.(2020全国)13.Chinese New Yea
7、r is a(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020全国),14.Historical(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.(2020新高考)15.At the same time,computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop(education)com-puter prog
8、rams for children in preschool.(2020新高考)16.Also,technological know-how has become a(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world.(2020新高考)17.When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.(2
9、019全国),18.They also shared with us many(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were popular with tourists.(2019全国)19.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2018全国)20.This switch has decreased(pollute)in the c
10、ountrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.(2018全国)21.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of to-tal(globe)fertilizer consumption.(2018全国),答案1.protection2.meaningful3.responsibility4.invitation5.daily6.financial7.astonished petition18.tradi
11、tional19.strengthen 20.pollution21.global,1.In addition to being hunted for their shells,hawksbill turtles are also(desperate)desired as precious food.(2022河北唐山二模)2.But the most(value)experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence,she said.(2022广东广州一模)3.Then the(popular)of writing poe
12、ms and drawing pictures on the cover of a fan was rising.(2022福建泉州四校联考)4.So they collected clips of 20 different(environment)sounds,including water dripping,ice cracking,whales calling and so on.(2022山东临沂一模),5.Moreover,in the(propose),the committee said the country should speed up the building of wa
13、ste recycling systems.(2022河北衡水六调)6.Equipped with cameras,sensors and screens,the smart trash stations are(interact)and help people reasonably deal with different kinds of trash.(2022河北衡水六调)7.Robert Owens felt defeated and helpless on Sunday as he waited for one of the most(power)hurricanes ever to
14、strike the US.(2022湖北新高考联考协作体12月联考)8.The purpose is to educate people to take up their social(re-sponsible).(2022广东深圳一调),9.I enjoy observing animals in their(nature)environment.(2022广东梅州一模)10.Chen showed that knowing how to perform CPR can be(benefit).(2022宁夏石嘴山适应性测试)11.(fortunately),less than 1 per
15、cent of Chinese adults have mastered the skill of CPR,while many have never heard of it.(2022宁夏石嘴山适应性测试)12.Today,people order cheap clothes on the Internet for(con-venient)and if they dont like them,they sometimes throw them away.(2022山西晋城二模),13.The elephants are traveling from their home,a(mountain
16、)area of Yunnan Province,toward the city of Kunming.(2022甘肃二诊)14.Officials in cities have used building(equip)to prevent the animals from entering and have dropped food to keep them away.(2022甘肃二诊)15.Besides,spending time in nature and doing projects to improve the planets outcome,to the extent of o
17、nes(able)to help,may also pro-vide significant benefit.(2022河南许平汝联盟核心模拟三)16.Those experiencing eco-anxiety may also find it(help)to take breaks from technology in order to pursue more nature-oriented and re-laxing hobbies such as yoga and gardening.(2022河南许平汝联盟核心模拟三),17.Only men and women in Denmark
18、 and Norway and women in Finland managed to(successful)avoid drops in life expectancy,the study said.(2022广东湛江二模)18.The initial(adopt)of the term“China-Chic”was similar to“Brit Style”,which represents a unique fashion trend mainly defined by the countrys differentiating cultural elements.(2022广东梅州二模
19、)19.Tourists are led in(explore)of the Taoist mountains which have witnessed Chinese civilization for five thousand years and they can appreciate the infinite charm of Mount Qiyun.(2022广东茂名二模)20.Well,if you are both an(enthusiasm)reader and eater,you may want to take part in an edible book festival.
20、(2022广东广州二模),21.Experts from the World Tourism Organization also marveled that Puer is a(poet)and romantic city and even its air is filled with ro-mance.(2022湖南雅礼十六校联考二)22.The writing project isnt easy,but her readers have followed her on a journey to self-acceptance and(confident).(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)答案
21、1.desperately2.valuable3.popularity4.environmental5.proposal6.interactive7.powerful8.responsibilities/responsibility9.natural10.beneficial11.Unfortunately12.convenience13.mountainous14.equipment15.ability16.helpful17.successfully18.adoption19.exploration20.enthusiastic21.poetic22.confidence,语篇填空构词法专
22、练Passage 1(2022新高考改编)The Chinese government 1.(recent)finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP).Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first na-tional parks in the country.The plan will extend 2.(protect)to a significan
23、t number of areas that were 3.(previous)unprotect-ed,bringing many of the 4.(exist)protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsisten-cies in 5.(manage).After a three-year pilot period,the GPNP will be officially set up next year.,The GPNP is design
24、ed to reflect the 6.(guide)principle of“protecting the authenticity(原真性)and integrity(完整)of natural ecosys-tems,preserving 7.(biology)diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future gen-erations”.The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity bet
25、ween sepa-rate populations and homes of giant pandas,and 8.(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species,bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the 9.(southwest)and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provid
26、e stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and 10.,(significant)improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.答案语篇解读 文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。1.recently2.protection3.previously4.existing5.management6.guiding7.biological8.eventually9.southwestern10.signi
27、ficantly,Passage 2(2021全国乙改编)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undis-turbed places.It is different from traditional 1.(tour)because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areasboth in terms of 2.(geography)conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provid
28、es money for 3.(conserve)and benefits the develop-ment of the local areas.Ecotourism has its origin with the 4.(environment)movement of the 1970s.It was not 5.(wide)accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.During that time,increasing environmental awareness made it 6.(desire).,Due to the gr
29、owing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism.Actual-ly,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:Minimize the impact of visiting the place.Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultur
30、al practices.Provide 7.(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the 8.(visit)and the hosts.Komodo National Park,9.(official)recognized in 1980,is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.Activities there rang
31、e from whale watching to hiking(远足)and 10.(accom-,modate)aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.答案语篇解读 文章讲述了生态旅游的情况。1.tourism2.geographical3.conservation4.environmental5.widely6.desirable7.financial8.visitors9.officially10.accommodations,Passage 3(2020新高考改编)These days,it is not unusual
32、for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third 1.(grade)to begin computer classes.At the same time,computer games are becoming 2.(increase)popular as major 3.(publish)houses continue to de-velop educational computer programs for children in preschool.Also,4.(technology)
33、know-how has become a 5.(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world,as the computer has become a common tool in most professions.The Digital World is a set of volumes that aim to describe how digital sys-tems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital sys-,tems a
34、nd their many interacting parts.Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material,explains the basic concepts of major 6.(apply)of digital systems,and discusses the influences they have on 7.(every day)life.Because the number of possible topics is 8.(practical)limitless,we focus on a sample o
35、f the most 9.(interest)and useful applications and tools and explain the basic princi-ples of technology.Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the 10.(guide)of our Further Resources section featured in each volume.,答案语篇解读 文章主要介绍了数字世界的出版背景和目的等方面的信息。1.graders2.increasingl
36、y3.publishing4.technological5.requirement6.applications/application7.everyday8.practically9.interesting10.guidance,Passage 4(2018全国改编)According to a review of 1.(evident)in a medical jour-nal,2.(run)live three years longer than non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long to see the benefit.You
37、 may drink,smoke,be 3.(overweigh)and still reduce your risk of dying early by run-ning.While running 4.(regular)cant make you live forever,the re-view says it is more 5.(effect)at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 w
38、hich showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early 6.(dead)from all,causes.The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its 7.(probable)running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft sur-faces,do exercises to 8.(strength)your leg m
39、uscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good 9.(run)shoes.Running is cheap,easy and its always 10.(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give running a try.,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。1.evidence2.runners3.overweight4
40、.regularly5.effective6.deaths7.probably8.strengthen9.running10.energetic,Passage 5(2022广东兴宁一中开学摸底联考改编)A Sweet ArtSugar PaintingIn and around Chinas south-western Sichuan Province,one can often find folk 1.(art)producing sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks.According t
41、o some 2.(academy)studies,sugar painting 3.(origin)from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were made in molds(模具)as part of a sacrifice in a 4.(reli-gion)ceremony.In the Qing Dynasty,sugar painting gained more 5.(popular).The 6.(produce)techniques were upgraded and the patterns became m
42、ore various,most of which stood for good luck.,As time passed by,the contemporary form of sugar painting has 7.(gradual)evolved.Although the number of sugar 8.(paint)has decreased,due to the arts unique charm,a certain number of artists are making efforts to pre-serve it by offering classes and hold
43、ing relevant activities such as sugar painting contests,which dozens of 9.(compete)entered.Nowadays,this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed as a national intangible cultural heritage.Moreover,the sugar painting artists have gained increasing 10.(recog
44、nize).,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了民间艺术糖画的相关情况。1.artists2.academic3.originated4.religious5.popularity6.produc-petitors10.recognition,Passage 6(2022江苏苏北七市三模改编)It is no secret that China has an 1.(incredible)rich and complex history and culture.My first 2.(expose)to Chinese culture came at a very early age,3.(total)b
45、y chance.At 8,I walked into a bookshop and picked a book from one of the shelves.The book turned out to be“Tao Te Ching,”a deeply philosophical book of Taoism.The books content was 4.(obvious)lost on me,but it provided me with an early 5.(connect)to a profound philo-sophical tradition by which I am
46、still influenced today.At school I began studying Chinese.My interest in the language developed early on,combining my love of travelling with my love of meeting new peo-,ple.I am 6.(luck)enough to have lived in China for three years.It was a good opportunity for me to experience the nations diverse
47、customs and traditions.Culture and food are 7.(close)connected and perhaps nowhere else can this be seen more 8.(clear)than in China.In recent years there has been a rise in restaurants offering a 9.(various)of foods here.I have introduced many of my friends to Chinese history and culture through a
48、shared love of food.It is safe to say that my journey has only just begun.These first steps are on-ly a drop in the ocean of lifelong learning,but as the Chinese10.(philosophy)Lao Tzu said,a journey of a thousand miles begins with a,single step.答案语篇解读 作者从8岁开始接触道德经,然后被中国文化深深吸引,通过在中国居住以及品尝中国美食,作者更进一步地
49、了解了中国文化。1.incredibly2.exposure3.totally4.obviously5.connection6.lucky7.closely8.clearly 9.variety10.philosopher,Passage 7(2022江苏苏锡常镇四市教学情况调查二改编)Ivana is an international student from Tsinghua University.During the COVID-19 outbreak,she got the best opportunity to understand China.She saw millions of
50、 people united with one goalto win the battle against COVID-19.She has never seen such collective 1.(dedicate)from a nation,turning things for the better by sacrificing personal 2.(convenient).Over the past year,she has been 3.(active)engaged in search-ing for 4.(national)connections in the healthca