1、2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points）Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoub
2、tedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling. 3 , theres another sort of parent thats easier to 4 : a patient parent. Children of every age
3、 benefit from patient parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this. Youre only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little
4、too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. Weve all been there. 12 , even though its common, its vital to keep in mind that in a single mo
5、ment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your childs self-esteem. If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control
6、 for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most imp
7、ortant of all lifes skills. Certainly, its 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will
8、benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally. 1 A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2 A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3 A Fortunately B Occasionally C Accordingly D Eventually4 A amuse B assist C describe D train5 A while B because C unles
9、s D once6 A answer B task C choice D access7 A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8 A move B drag C push D send9 A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10 A boring B naive C harsh D vague11 A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12 A Overall B Instead C However D Otherwise13 A li
10、ke B miss C believe D regret14 A raise B affect C justify D reflect15 A time B bond C race D cool16 A nature B secret C importance D context17 A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18 A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19 A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20 A hide B emerge C withdraw
11、 D escape答案1. D. tricky2. B. for example3. A. Fortunately4. C. describe5. A. while6. B. task7. A. tolerant8. C. push9. D. inevitable 10. C. harsh11. A. turn back12. C. However13. D. regret14. B. affect15. D. cool16. C. importance17. D. confronted18. B. hard19. A. trying20. B. emergeSection Reading C
12、omprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate wi
13、th and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Laleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat one social and one asocial f
14、or four days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened cage doors to let them escape. Me
15、anwhile, the asocial robot rat simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side. Next, the researchers trapped the robot rats in cages and gave the living rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats showed a preference for freeing the social r
16、obot, releasing it 30 per cent of the time, compared to 19 per cent for the asocial robot. This suggests that the living rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. This may be because it displayed typical social rat behaviours like communal exploring and playing. The reason they help
17、ed it escape may be because they remembered it freeing them earlier and wanted to return the favour, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.We
18、d assumed wed have to give its moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasnt necessary,says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,
19、even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too, says Wiles.21 Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test t
20、o see if rats can _A. Pick up social signals from non-living ratsB. Distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC. Attain sociable traits through special trainingD. Send out warning messages to their fellows22 What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?A. It followed the social robot.B. It
21、 moved around alone.C. It set the trapped rat free.D. It played with some toys.23 According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because _A. Tried to practice a means of escapeB. Considered that an interesting gameC. Wanted to display their intelligenceD. Expected it to do the same in return
22、.24 Janet Wiles notes that rats_A. Can remember other rats facial featuresB. Differentiate smells better than sizesC. Can be scared by a plastic box on wheelsD. Respond more to actions than to looks25 It can be learned from the text that rats _A. Appear to be adaptable to new surroundings.B. Are mor
23、e sensitive to social cues than expectedC. Behave differently from children in socializingD. Are more socially active than other animals.答案：21. A. pick up social signals from non-living rats22. B. It moved around alone.23. D. expected it to do the same in return24. D. respond more to actions to look
24、s25. B. are more sensitive to social than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical
25、 CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1% have been one of the
26、more dynamic elements of the global economy. Its not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.Todays CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being a
27、ble to run the company”, CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then theres the fact that large American compa
28、nies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they
29、have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesnt explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has
30、been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the
31、 expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A The growth in the number of corporation
32、sB The general pay rise with a better economyC Increased business opportunities for top firmsD Close cooperation among leading economies27. Compared with their predecessors, todays CEOs are required to.A foster a stronger sense of teamworkB finance more research and developmentC establish closer tie
33、s with tech companiesD operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite.A continual internal oppositionB strict corporate governanceC conservative business strategiesD Repeated government warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A confir
34、m the status of CEOsB motivate inside candidatesC boost the efficiency of CEOsD increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text would be.A CEOs Are Not OverpaidB CEO Pay: Past and PresentC CEOs challenges of TodayD CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define答案：26. C. increased business opportun
35、ities for top firms27. D. operate more globalized companies28. B. strict corporate governance29. D. increase corporate value30. A. CEOs are not overpaidText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months a
36、nd one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jos Luis Martnez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has
37、 now overruled the citys decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zones future looks uncertain at best.Madrids back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork, city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air
38、pollution across Europe, Britain very much included.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. Thats because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers who m
39、ust pay fees or buy better vehicles rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next years mayoral election. And i
40、f Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the le
41、vers that are available to them to safeguard residents health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer un
42、timely deaths. But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments Britains and others across Europe have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas city centr
43、es, “school streets”, even individual roads are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. Were doing everything but ins
44、ist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrids clean air zone?A.Its effects are questionable.B.It has been opposed by a judge.C.Its fate is yet to be decided.D.It needs tougher enforcement.32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tac
45、kle dirty air?A.They are biased against car manufacturers.B.They prove impractical for city councils.C.They are deemed too mild for politicians.D.They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of Londons Ulez will .A.arouse strong resistance.B.ensure Khans
46、 electoral success.C.improve the citys traffic.D.discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A.Local residentsB.Mayors.C.Councilors.D.National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies .A.will raise low-emission car productionB.should be forced to follow regulationsC.will upgrade the design of their vehiclesD.should be put under public supervision答案：31 C.Its fate is yet to be decided.32 D.They put too much burden on individual motori