1、2023年新高考I卷英语参考答案1B 2C 3D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章给出了一份在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的指南。1推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座
2、椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供多种类型的自行车。故选B。2细节理解题。根据价格表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数的话，是每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天共计需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。3细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，城市观光之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。4C 5D 6B
3、7A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了John Todd从小就很爱观察、思考且好学，进入大学后，他利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水，建造了一个生态机器。4细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks wh
4、ere tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (当约翰托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条脏兮兮的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fi
5、sheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又开始观察自然和不断提出问题。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰爱动脑筋、好奇心和求知欲很强。故选C。5细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few wee
6、ks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果很是惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净
7、水。)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。6推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了
8、许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。7推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察它会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式。)”可知，
9、约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。8B 9A 10C 11A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义及其优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。8细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right
10、for you. (这本书的目的是为了解释为什么要奉行数字极简主义，详细探讨了它的要求和能奏效的原因，然后如果你认为它适合你，还会教你如何运用这种哲学。)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。9词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen onli
11、ne activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再精挑细选，加回一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的在线活动。)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。10推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, Ill guide you through carrying out your own digita
12、l declutter. In doing so, Ill draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在做的过程中，我将借用我在2018年开展的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意了进行数字清理。)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实例。故选C。11推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox
13、meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱，旨在帮你建立一种在特定情况下适合自己的极简主义生活方式。)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的一些做法（practices）。故选A。12B 13D 14C 15D【导语】本文是说明文。文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应，且有实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。12主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect
14、 capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and
15、 tend to make the same errors, then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, peoples errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实
16、，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或有依赖性，估计的准确度就会下降。)”可知，本段主要阐述了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。13细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be in
17、dependent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance,
18、 the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为可进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在非独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明
19、即使在非完全独立的情况下，估计得准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。14推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least
20、willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合文字提及的两个问题，可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。15推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential
21、 implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可推断作者对于Navajas的研究是支持、赞同的。故选D。16D 17B 18F 19C 20G【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善举，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。16 本空为段中句，所选句子既要承上又要启下。根据空前内容可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也
22、不要因此而过于自责。给合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.”（你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。）中的do this 以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。同时回扣题目，可知这里的this 应该指代的是forgiveness。选项D“Its just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”中的as important承接上文中的“承担责任，但不自责”，故选D。17本句为段中句，根据空前内容“
23、In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They dont have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that youre proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们
24、不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。18本句为段尾句，是对上文内容的总结。根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things youve done
25、for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列
26、出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。19本句为段中句，要承上启下。根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.
27、(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时
28、选项C和下文“In fact, dont wait until youve made a mistake to try this its a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。20本句为段中句，要承上启下。根据空前内容“Its something of a clich (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
29、 thing is, its true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isnt a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We re all changing and learning all the time and mista
30、kes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。21D 22A 23D 24A 25C 26B 27D 28A 29B 30B 31C 32D 33A 34C 35B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。21考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A.
31、 designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背着一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。22考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦
32、；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have _1_ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。23考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背
33、着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。24考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。25考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. p
34、romised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。26考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。27考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went awa
35、y离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。28考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以
36、是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。29考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。30考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold
37、感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。31考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故
38、选C。32考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。33考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was jus
39、t crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。34考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子
40、在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。35考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _8_ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B
41、。36tasty 37to bite 38or 39recognized 40by 41to be lifted 42their 43a 44rarely 45wanting【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食小笼包，讲述了小笼包的美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。36考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。需要一个形容词修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故taste需要变成tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。37考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，
42、让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后文的to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。38考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether.or. “是还是”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。39考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作
43、是形容词作定语。故填recognized。40考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。41考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。42考查代词。句意：除
44、了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。43考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。44考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。45考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总
45、是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。46Dear Ryan, Im Li Hua from Class 3. I think its not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.To begin with, randomly pairing up
46、students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with some
47、one who they dont get along with or have difficulty communicating with.My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together. Thank you for
48、 considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Li Hua47A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew youd win! I am proud of you. You made it!” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the a