1、2019 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You can cite examples to illustrate your views.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part
2、 Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：由于 2019 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前 2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices give
3、n in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in th
4、e bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle ( 脆 的 ) at temperatures below about -25 unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has be
5、en developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness - without the need for expensive 28 .Steels fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed ( 用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 27
6、00-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful “Liberty ships” was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the 29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel struc
7、tures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving re
8、peated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33 to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.Kimuras team intends to use its tempformed
9、steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job微信公众号：上海升学助手and their weight by replacing solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to build
10、ings and bridges.A) abruptlyB) additivesC) approachD) ardentlyE) besiegedF) channelG) comparableH) componentsI) crackedJ) fracturesK) hollowL) relevantM) reshuffledN) strivedO) violentSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each state
11、ment contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.The future of personal
12、satellite technology is hereare we ready for it?A) Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach of ordinary people. Just like drones ( 无 人 机 ) before them, miniature sat
13、ellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our heads.B) As a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites hold tremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However,
14、as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is no longer “Can we?” but “Should we?” What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as “pr
15、ofessionals”? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 years.C) Having your personal satellite launched int
16、o orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats. The “Cube” here simply refers to the satellites shape. The most common CubeSat is a 10cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat co
17、uld easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit in a launch vehicles formerly “wasted space.” Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex missions than could be achieved by one CubeSat alone.D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are
18、 able to house sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. Theyre primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended mis
19、sions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.E) Because theyre so small and light, it costs much less to
20、 get a CubeSat into Earths orbit than a traditional communications or GPS satellite. For instance, a research group here at Arizona State University recently claimed their developmental small CubeSats could cost as little as $3,000 to put in orbit. This decrease in cost a11ows researchers, hobbyists
21、 and even elementary school groups to put simple instruments into LEO or even having them deployed from the ISS.F) The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSRs
22、Sputnik ( 前 苏 联 的 人 造 卫 星 ). Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats. There arc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and scie
23、nce missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymore.G) The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also ac
24、knowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isnt risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of “junk” that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISS.H) Currently, there arent many Cu
25、beSats and theyre tracked closely. Yet as LEO opens up to more amateur satellites, they may pose an increasing threat. As the report authors point out, even near-misses might lead to the “creation of a burdensome regulatory framework and affect the future disposition of science CubeSats.”I) CubeSat
26、researchers suggest that nows the time to ponder unexpected and unintended possible consequences of more people than ever having access to their own small slice of space. In an era when you can simply buy a CubeSat kit off the shelf, how can we trust the satellites over our heads were developed with
27、 good intentions by people who knew what they were doing? Some “expert amateurs” in the satellite game could provide some inspiration for how to proceed responsibly.J) In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts (业余无线电爱好者) participati
28、on in space research andcommunication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR- a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT was putting “amateur” satellites in orbit decad
29、es before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility. Here, open. source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their sat
30、ellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSATs first CubeSat, this means that there s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has
31、access to the designs and implementation.K) However, theyre more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of “self-governance” is possible within long-standing amateu
32、r organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who dont have deep roots within the existing culture?L) Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being
33、part of a long-standing amateur establishment. Theyre still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations - all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But theres a danger theyre ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these un
34、intended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum
35、, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.M) This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of
36、 the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be resp
37、onsible, actually is. Heres where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36. Given the easier accessibil
38、ity to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse of satellites.37. A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks. 38.The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks of theirirresponsible use.39. Even school pupils can have their CubeSats
39、put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40. AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking of their satellites.41. NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42. Even with constraints, it is possible for some creative
40、developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes.43. While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles.44. Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45. AMSAT operates o
41、n the principle of having all its technical data accessible to its members, preventing the abuse of amateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B)
42、, C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employ
43、ment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasnt until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didnt emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the preva
44、iling emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output suc
45、h as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realiz
46、e work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”. Its a simple te
47、rm that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates theyre especi
48、ally dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also the preferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.As noted above, indifferent relat
49、ionships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting andsocializing means more time working and churning (产出).The other is self-esteem. As human beings, were pri