1、四六级考试阅读能力解析,新浪微博：新东方吕永华老师 QQ:601067922北京新东方综合能力拔高新东方语法,纲要,拿到考试文章后三个步骤掌握文章常见结构和思路阅读理解命题规律常见的题目类型以及答题方法阅读能力分三个层次解析(optional)学习计划、学习方法现场答疑,拿到考试文章后,第一步骤，通读题干，划出反复出现的表达，这些表达是本文的Topic词。如果有可能的话：也可以把选项当中反复出现的字眼划出来。,第二步骤：用skimming来阅读所有段落的第一句话，并和第一步骤得到的结果做个对应。a.第一步骤结束后，尽量做到知道本文的topic和主要观点，水平好的同学可以预测文章结构和思路。b.
2、第二步骤主要是为了印证第一步骤。,第三步骤：开始做题 a.先判断题目类型 b.水平好的同学可以predict一下correct answer。(how do we predict?)c.按照该题目类型特定的解题方法来答题,酱油选项1）不符合主旨，不符合常识。2）exaggerate,overstate3）四个选项有一个选项有数字或者专有名词。4）偏见或者冷漠的字眼。be biased against,be prejudiced against.be unconcerned aboutbe indifferent tobe unsympathetic aboutbe aloof tobe det
3、ached from迷惑项：1）偷换概念2）张冠李戴用的确实是文章的观点，但是回答不了题干的问题3）就事论事4）以偏概全正确选项：1）主旨原则题干反复出现的字眼;正确选项的字眼;每段的段首句反复出现的字眼2）抽象原则3）柔和原则might,certain(某个，某些),some（某个，某些）partly,partially,part of,not completely,not entirely,not fully,not necessarily,掌握文章常见结构和思路,a.总分（总）型 b.现象解释型（说明文、议论文）c.对比型(说明文、议论文）d.时间或者过程型。e.空间结构型 f.陌生事物
4、介绍型 g.立论文 h.驳论文 i.记叙文（略）j.应用文（略）,1.What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?A)It will exhaust the nations oil reserves.B)It will help secure the future of ANWR.C)It will help reduce the nations oil imports.D)It will increase Americas energy consumption.2.We learn from the second paragra
5、ph that the American oil industry _.A)believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields B)tends to exaggerate Americas reliance on foreign oil C)shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR D)expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia3.Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _
6、.A)it can cause serious damage to the environment B)it can do little to solve U.S.energy problems C)it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region D)it will not have much commercial value4.What do the environmentalists mean by saying“Not so fast”(Line 1,Para.3)?A)Oil exploitation takes a long
7、time B)The oil drilling should be delayed C)Dont be too optimistic D)Dont expect fast returns5.It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWRs frozen earth _.A)remains a controversial issue B)is expected to get under way soon C)involves a lot of technological problems D)will e
8、nable the U.S.to be oil independent,掌握文章常见结构和思路,a.总分（总）型 b.现象解释型（说明文、议论文）c.对比型(说明文、议论文）d.时间或者过程型。e.空间结构型 f.陌生事物介绍型 g.立论文 h.驳论文 i.记叙文（略）j.应用文（略）,1.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _.A)bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers B)shrinking of the pottery industry C)restructuring of large ent
9、erprises D)economic recession in Great Britain2.Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?A)Family members need more time to relax.B)Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C)People want to practice economy in times of scarcity.D)Young people wont follow the etiquette
10、 of the older generation.3.It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _.A)a retailer of stainless steel tableware B)a dealer in stoneware C)a pottery chain store D)a producer of fine china4.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _.A)the increased value of the pound B)
11、the economic recession in Asia C)the change in peoples way of life D)the fierce competition at home and abroad5.Refined table manners,though less popular than before in current social life _.A)are still a must on certain occasions B)are bound to return sooner or later C)are still being taught by par
12、ents at home D)can help improve personal relationships,1.The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about peoples state of mind are _.A)surprising B)confusing C)illogical D)questionable2.What does the author mean when he says,“we cant turn the clock back”(Line 1,Para.3)?A)Its impossible
13、to slow down the pace of change.B)The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C)Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D)Its impossible to forget the past.3.According to an analysis,compared with normal children today,children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _.A)were
14、 less isolated physically B)were probably less self-centered C)probably suffered less from anxiety D)were considered less individualistic4.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _.A)to provide them with a safer environment B)to lower their expectations for the
15、m C)to get them more involved socially D)to set a good model for them to follow5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A)Anxiety,though unavoidable,can be coped with.B)Childrens anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.C)Childrens anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D)Anxiety,if
16、 properly controlled,may help children become mature.,阅读理解命题规律,1 段首句和段尾句段首句和段尾句都是十分重要的地方,是作者表达中心思想和总结综述的地方,常出主题问题、细节问题和结构类问题。,2 转折与强对比议论文和说明文都强调逻辑的严谨性，转折处是语义的重点。考生只要看到转折或者对比的词汇，就要在原文进行圈点。,Major ones,明显的转折词：but,however,on thecontrary,yet,still,nevertheless,on the other hand.conversely,reversely,alter
17、natively隐蔽的转折词：instead,instead of(必考)regardless of 不考虑now,recently表示惊讶和出乎意料的词unfortunately,unexpectedly,remarkably,surprisingly,some minor ones 信号词：,whereas,although,in/by contrast,as opposed to,differently,otherwise,even if,unlike,differ from,while,someothers,by/in comparison,nevertheless,in fact/e
18、ffect/reality/practice,virtually,3 因果句、因果段含有表示因果关系的结构或者词汇的句子叫做因果句。因果型段落的目的是解释“为什么”的段落。有两种形式：一般会出细节题，或者细节推理题。,because,because of,since,cause,lead to,consequence,consequently,result,in that,owing to,for,reason,thanks to,due to,as,that is why,responsible for,attribute to,ascribe to,stem from,originate
19、from,arise from,have roots in,play a role in therefore,hence,thus,so,accordingly,so that,give rise to,bring about,contribute to,breed,spell,mean,as a response to,as a reaction to,4举例处例子是和观点句紧密相连。大多是先有观点句，再有举例说明。偶尔也能见到先列举事例，再做结论的情形。举例处常出“例证题”，这种题要记住“观点句是解”。做题的时候要关注观点句，不用看例子；如果看不懂观点句的时候，才可以看例子揣摩观点句的意思
20、。,5列举处有列举的段落往往会有明显的分层标志，即first,second,third,finally.列举处常出的题型是细节题。,列举常用的过渡词有：and,in addition,first of all,furthermore,also,moreover,first,last of all,another,next,second,finally,what is more,besides,most important,worst of all,to make matters worse常用于列举的名词有：types,kinds,classes,categories,varieties常用于
21、列举的动词有：classify,divide,break into,6 研究结果研究结果往往以这样的句式进行:the study has shown that.句子里含有重要的细节信息。除了show以外，考生还需要掌握的词汇有：reveal,indicate,demonstrate,illustrate,exemplify,manifest,find,discover,7人物观点和表示建议处 人物观点词：believe,hold,insist,suggest,argue,assert,contend;主系表结构；it is adj that.表示建议的句型有：should,must,you can do.by doing something,it is advisable for you to do sth,At the top of the list,you can,8.最高级及表示重要的词汇处most,unique,only，important,critical,essential,