1、11. A new study on birds sleep has revealed that _. A) half-brain sleep is found in a wide variety of birds B) half-brain sleep is characterized by slow brain waves C) birds can control their half-brain sleep consciously D) birds seldom sleep with the whole of their brain at rest12. According to the
2、 passage, birds often half sleep because _. A) they have to watch out for possible attacks B) their brain hemisphere take turns to rest 跨段 C) the two halves of their brain are differently structured 没 D) they have to constantly keep an eye on their companions 反13. The example of a bird sleeping in f
3、ront of a mirror indicates that _. A) the phenomenon of birds dozing in pairs is widespread B) birds prefer to sleep in pairs for the sake of security C) even an imagined companion gives the bird a sense of security D) a single pet bird enjoys seeing its own reflection in the mirror14. While sleepin
4、g, some water mammals tend to keep half awake in order to _. A) alert themselves to the approaching enemy B) emerge from water now and then to breathe C) be sensitive to the ever-changing environment D) avoid being swept away by rapid currents15. By just the tip of the iceberg (Line 2, Para.8), Sieg
5、el suggests that _. A) half-brain sleep has something to do with icy weather B) the mystery of half-brain sleep is close to being solved C) most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers D) half-brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other speciesBirds that are literally half
6、-asleep-with one brain hemisphere alert and the other sleeping-control which side of the brain remains awake, according to a new study of sleeping ducks.Earlier studies have documented half-brain sleep in a wide range of birds. The brain hemispheres take turns sinking into the sleep stage characteri
7、zed by slow brain waves. The eye controlled by the sleeping hemisphere keeps shut, while the wakeful hemispheres eye stays open and alert. Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once.Decades of studies of bird flocks led researchers to predict extra alertness in the more vulnerable, e
8、nd-of-the-row sleepers, Sure enough, the end birds tended to watch carefully on the side away from their companions. Ducks in the inner spots showed no preference for gaze direction.Also, birds dozing（打盹）at the end of the line resorted to single-hemisphere sleep, rather than total relaxation, more o
9、ften than inner ducks did. Rotaing 16 birds through the positions in a four-duck row, the researchers found outer birds half-asleep during some 32 percent of dozing time versus about 12 percent for birds in internal spots.We believe this is the first evidence for an animal behaviorally controlling s
10、leep and wakefulness simultaneously in different regions of the brain, the researchers say.The results provide the best evidence for a long-standing supposition that single-hemisphere sleep evolved as creatures scanned for enemies. The preference for opening an eye on the lookout side could be wides
11、pread, he predicts. Hes seen it in a pair of birds dozing side-by-side in the zoo and in a single pet bird sleeping by mirror. The mirror-side eye closed as if the reflection were a companion and the other eye stayed open.Useful as half-sleeping might be, its only been found in birds and such water
12、mammals（哺乳动物）as dolphins, whales, and seals. Perhaps keeping one side of the brain awake allows a sleeping animal to surface occasionally to avoid drowning.Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep. Jerome M. Siegel of the UGLA says he wonders if birds half-brain sleep is just the tip of
13、 the iceberg（冰山）. He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.16. Which of the following is evidence that TT is widely practiced? A) TT has been in existence for decades. B) Many patients were cured by therapeutic touch. C) TT therapists are often employe
14、d by leading hospitals. D) More than 100,000 people are undergoing TT treatment. 注：D为迷惑选项数字必转化，C对应第二段末句。17. Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because _. A) they didnt take the offer seriously B) they didnt want to risk their career C) they were unwilling to reveal their sec
15、ret D) they thought it was not in line with their practice注：争议题，B、C皆可。18. The purpose of Emily Rosas experiment was _. A) to see why TT could work the way it did B) to find out how TT cured patients illness C) to test whether she could sense the human energy field D) to test whether a human energy f
16、ield really existed注：对应文章第三段首句19. Why did some TT practitioners agree to be the subjects of Emilys experiment? A) It involved nothing more than mere guessing. B) They thought it was going to be a lot of fun. C) It was more straightforward than other experiments. D) They sensed no harm in a little gi
17、rls experiment.注：对应文章第三段末句，no harm对应innocent，little girl对应fourth-grade20. What can we learn from the passage? A) Some widely accepted beliefs can be deceiving. B) Solid evidence weighs more than pure theories. C) Little children can be as clever as trained TT practitioners. D) The principle of TT is
18、 too profound to understand.A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair experiment that ends up debunking（揭穿的真相）a widely practiced medical treatment. Emily Rosas target was a practice known as therapeutic（治疗）touch (TT for short), whose advocates manipulate patients energy fiel
19、d to make them feel better and even, say some, to cure them of various ills. Yet Emilys test shows that these energy fields cant be detected, even by trained TT practitioners（行医者）. Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation, Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare, Ag
20、e doesnt matter. Its good science that matters, and this is good science.Emilys mother Linda Rosa, a registered nurse, has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade. Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s, when she learned it was on the approved list for continuing nursing education in C
21、olorado. Its 100,000 trained practitioners (48,000 in the U.S.) dont even touch their patients. Instead, they waved their hands a few inches from the patients body, pushing energy fields around until theyre in balance. TT advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds, relieve pain and reduc
22、e fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that TT therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals, at up to $70 an hour, the smooth patients energy, sometimes during surgery.Yet Rosa could not find any evidence that it works. To provide such proof, TT therapists would have to sit down for
23、independent testing-something they havent been eager to do, even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field. (Hes had one taker so far. She failed.) A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their bel
24、iefs on the line. But who could turn down an innocent fourth-grader? Says Emily: I think they didnt take me very seriously because Im a kid.The experiment was straightforward: 21 TT therapists stuck their hands, palms up, through a screen. Emily held her own hand over one of theirs-left or right-and
25、 the practitioners had to say which hand it was. When the results were recorded, theyd done no better than they would have by simply guessing. if there was an energy field, they couldnt feel it. 21. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways _. A) are being planned B) a
26、re being modified C) are now in wide use D) are under construction注：on the drawing board就是planned22. A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in that _. A) it would require only minor changes to existing highways B) it would achieve the greatest highway traffic efficiency C) it has a l
27、ane for both automated and partially automated vehicles D) it offers more lanes for automated vehicles注：A选项说反了23. Which of the following is true about driving on an automated highway? A) Vehicles traveling on it are assigned different lanes according to their destinations. B) A car can join existing
28、 traffic any time in a mixed lane system. C) The driver should inform his car computer of his destination before driving onto it. D) The driver should share the automated lane with those f regular vehicles.注：对应第二段开头24. We know form the passage that a car can enter a special-purpose lane _. A) by smo
29、othly merging with cars on the conventional lane B) by way of a ramp with electronic control devices C) through a specially guarded gate D) after all trespassers are identified and removed注：争议题25. When driving in an automated lane, the driver _. A) should harmonize with newly entering cars B) doesnt
30、 have to rely on his computer system C) should watch out for potential accidents D) doesnt have to hold not to the steering wheel注：文章最后一段What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. T
31、he first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose land system would require more extensive phys
32、ical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway（高速公路）capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would specify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated
33、highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp（入口引道）. As the dr
34、iver approached the point of entry for the highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided
35、 through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would take place on the entrance ramp. An alternative technique could employ conventional lanes, which would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highwa
36、y and move in normal fashion to a transition lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. (The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would presumably be well respected, because all trespassers（非法进入者）could be swiftly identified by auth
37、orities.)Either approach to joining a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. and once a vehicle had settled in
38、to automated travel, the drive would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.26. According to the author, the conventional notion of intelligence measured n terms of ones ability to read, write and compute _. A) is a widely held but wrong concept B) will help eliminate int
39、ellectual prejudice C) is the root of all mental distress D) will contribute to ones self-fulfillment注：作者态度题，应该选负选项27. It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree _. A) may result in ones inability to solve complex real-life problems B) does not indicate ones ability to write prope
40、rly worded documents C) may make one mentally sick and physically weak D) does not meat that one is highly intelligent28. The author thinks that an intelligent person knows _. A) how to put up with some very prevalent myths B) how to find the best way to achieve success in life C) how to avoid depre
41、ssion and make his life worthwhile D) how to persuade others to compromise注：对应第二段第一句话29. In the last paragraph, the author tells us that _. A) difficulties are but part of everyones life B) depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life反 C) everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances反 D
42、) good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence30. According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?A) Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happiness.B) Those who are aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappiness.C) Those who measure
43、happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer form N. B. D.s.D) Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances.注：文章最后一句Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intell
44、igence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intelle
45、ctual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is intelligent. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certi
46、ficates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that
47、given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N. B. D-Nervous Break Down.Intelligent people do not have
48、 N. B. D.s because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression, because they know how go deal with the problems of their lives. You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each