1、Part I Writing-e(ffi 1 fflif1MtaOO*,lliUrfrOOMJrJia(Jo:,-Chinas Achievements in Higher Education I I I I-t ffi 2 Af*fiffliliJJMJ!-a(JIEio I I I I -e(m 3,x,m:$gi B a(JxW.R-(oj-*-Chinas Achievements in Higher Education lThe above chart shows that the past three decades have seen l ffij :ill!1it 00*,:f
2、f ffl;f:*ft fflgreat progress in Chinas higher education.According to the data from the Ministry of Education,Chinas gross enrolment ratio in higher education has increased from 3.4%in 1990 to 51.6%in 2019.T v.,t iJV!IL ffi ili t II aJ ilJifqJ y :ka(:izt 0 2The reasons accounting for this phenomenon
3、 can be listed as 2 00*5HtaJDr:IEI ofollows.3 For one thing,during the last thirty years,with the 345:$tJJUJtf for one thing._ for strong support of our country,the reform and development of higher education have made significant achievements in all aspects,including the system of recruitment,fees c
4、harging and graduates jobplacing,ensuring that all citizens have access to higher education.4For another,in order to promote the quality of higher education,educational administrative departments at various levels and localgovernments have actively explored measures and ways to increaseeducational e
5、xpenditure and improve schooling conditions and thequality of faculty.5 Besides,with the improvement of livingstandards,there has been a great change in peoples ideas abouteducation,and they are becoming increasingly aware of the necessityof receiving higher education.another besides JA jlJi lf aJ!&
6、1jlr$19tii aJ tJ!jlJj V,Jk.lf:iOOa(Jl&,t-:nffillf*lllT a:p 00 lf f 11 Jil;git aJ Dr:lz5I 0 6)Therefore,Chinas achievements in higher education are the 6 ffl therefore,-Jt,:izt-I result of many factors,and I believe that the achievements is bound$Y B fl1t-1!1 o Jlt-1 B)o 7.What has made decision maki
7、ng increasinglydifficult?C)ffiffil im:WV-=l!filo C7-Di:p.J,JiJLHiftA111 PI!V.$!b :itt fJ xt J:t,iJ:A 1flfJ:lFff$:iiY 1,Section-B-can.The most toxic of decision is tlL pJ!;I.:iitfJJEiliJ O 10(7-2)*ft:tt:!1:ic$iirIW Y,A 1rJ,ft1-:J!fH1t:i:J:iiUt:iiYo t!Lwt:J!iJt,-ttli mf 1tA1rJ:1JO!V.tk,ti5C C)o 8.Acco
8、rding to the woman,what should people dowhen making important decisions?B)ffiffi 11rJl!ffi1fil o 10(8)t:pft:iJt,T:E1t liiJ lfil J:,11.vt PI faMJJl fr!i Y o$:ff 30$:iiY 1,fflffima1t:J!-o-JE:ffSwtA-Mx-aM:f:Effl:iiYJ:o.lit B)o JJJt:ti:ptJHIJ,11&-:!1$.EJfa$t-1l:i2Y1,mf:J!A)JJJi i:piJt:f1$.PI fa$:iiY1,tt
9、ct-11:ALQuestions 9 and 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.The role of homework in classrooms is not a new debate.Many parents and teachers are ardent supporters of homework.But do all students benefit from homework?C 9)A 2006 research paper suggested some correlation between the amount
10、 of homework done a student and future academic achievement for middle A Stanford study in 2014 suggested the same was true for students in Californias affluent communities.The findings challenged the idea that homework was inherently good.The researchers concluded that there was an upper limit to t
11、he correlation between homework and achievement,suggesting that high school students shouldnt be doing more than two hours of homework a night.And the most valuable kind of homework for elementary level children was simply assigned free reading.The topic gets more complicated when we talk about the
12、divide between rural and urban communities.C 10)Studies found that in remote areas the poor quality or lack of Internet access can put students at a disadvantage,because 70%of teachers in these areas assign homework that requires Internet access.But one in three households doesnt have Internet.asser
13、t homework the Internet isnt fair.While the debate continues about the effect of homework on academic achievements,there are studies focusing on other benefits of homework.(ll)A study in Germany found that homework could have an effect on students personalities,suggesting that doing homework might h
14、elp kids to become more conscientious and independent learners./2021 6 J.j 34*1 9.What did the 2006 research find abouthomework?D)ffiffi 1H1lfuJmo 831iJ(9)1:ff,2006&paJiJfJE$(1J i:j:t ;fll i:j:t 1WiW*zoo#-iWffi*tt,fflrtiiW*iJi,;flft*ll*liL EJJt-1 D)o 10.What do experts think of homework requiringInt
15、ernet access?A)ffiffil 1HlllfuL/pJ(lO)i:j:ti!J,1i1FJE$t.z!t!l.JK,t4t miitftz Jtrl PJ iltrlU!t!l.fl,ffi!-11!:tm 1K 70%!W;f!Jfifiifff IiWaftLoffl*z-iWfl J!rlo-R-1,ifflIlill*ft EfJ-ft?ft0faJo fJJt-1 A)o 11.What conclusion could be drawn from the studyin Germany?C)ffitfil iJJJl!fuJmo 831iJ(11)PJ,ffi IW-
16、J.mMJE$t,aft1:iJftIWtt,ttaft1:iJftflr1RIW#o-maft-IW ti$t1:iJ JJHJHJklWffl,tii-1 C)o Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.Robert Goddard,an American born in 1882,is widely regarded as the worlds first rocket scientist.At age 27,Goddard published his first book,in which he h
17、ypothesized that a rocket launched from Earth could reach the moon.Like many visionaries,the young scientist encountered numerous skeptics.(12)In January 1920,the New YorkTimes ridiculed Goddards theory that rockets could be utilized for space exploration.49 years later,Apollo 11 reached the moon,an
18、d the famed newspaper published an apology to Goddard.(13)Goddard launched his first rocket from an aunts farm in his native Massachusetts in March 1926.His maiden rocket voyage lasted a mere three seconds.It scaled an altitude of 12 meters.it was a milestone in rocket science.(14)Goddard later cons
19、ulted with a weather expert and determined that the climate of New Mexico was ideal for year-round rocket launches.In 1930,Goddard and his family relocated there to a remote valley in the southwest of the There he established a laboratory and test range.However,the ambitious scientist received negli
20、gible support from the government.For four years,wealthy businessman Daniel Guggenheim provided Goddard with an annual$25,OOO grant to pursue his dreams.Other rocket enthusiasts also raised funds for him.Over time,Goddards rockets grew more sophisticated and included the installation of instruments.
21、In spite of his many successes,Goddard was never able to interest the US military in rocket-propelled weapons.(15)He was over 200 and continued to rocket until his death in 1945.*1 12.What do we learn about Goddards idea of usingrockets for space exploration?B)ffitJrl 11/iL 1iJ(12)i:j:tiJJ,1920&p 1
22、Jl,U_R M Ill T:!t:12i ffi 1W.:k.fi 1:iJ JUtlr*IWJJl!ie o ffi!JJt-1 B)o 13.What does the passage say about Goddards firstrocket launch?A)ffiffil iJJJl!fu11L 831iJ 03),1926&p 3Jl,-ffl00-*5MTIW-t!l;k fi,fflttt!l.:k fi-Ol-Ol!iHt:T 3 iP,Y i!J T 12*1W J3t o,&!.ff n JJt,J!1J3 ft.:k fi f.4fIW;_.l!fio-maiJt.
23、,J!X&.:k lif.4Section C 14.Why did Goddard move to New Mexico?B)UHrl!Ji,JJJL 1iJC14)ipiJJ,:3t:12iffimJT-ur ec ,ifff Ji!,r Ii IDf if fN iW ec f1*ffl51:t$tM.:k.W o 1930&p,:3t:12ii;fll11i!IW.A.Wii!JT1MIDf$-:IWLI.Jo E.Ilt-1 BL15.What does the passage say about.Goddardsachievements?C)Uli*Jrl-11 illo 1iJ
24、Cl5)i:j:t i!J,:!t-iT 200$J.mlti,1945&p*ffl:filf,-1.:k.fitt*o ffi!.tlt-1 C)o Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.(16)Working for a new venture comes with a lot of risks-that is,instability,unclear responsibilities andthe need to be a master of all trades.But the primary
25、benefit is usually the passion and excitement associated.with playing a role in a promising new company.The person to thank for that passion and excitement is almost always the entrepreneur.Theres something about the founders energy and enthusiasm that infects the rest of the team.The willingness to
26、 take risks may inspire others to be more courageous.The optimism and positivity*2021 6 JI 35may motivate people to focus less on trivial and unimportant matters.The celebration of milestones may prompt staff to be more grateful about their own accomplishments and privileges.(17)What becomes set in
27、the firms culture is a contagious collection of affirmative and positive emotionswhich are usually shared among the team.Science has already done a good job of proving the results that follow.These include better processes,greater team cohesion,reduced conflict and sharper alertness.But what is yet
28、to be demonstrated is whether the founders passion leads to increased team performance.This was recently tested in research,which analyzed the teams of 73 new companies across a range of industries such as IT,medicine and energy.The CEOs were consulted once again,years after the initial analysis,and
29、 most shared their firms performance reports,so that their success could be more objectively measured Entrepreneurial teams generally progress through three phases.The first is inventing a product or service,the second is founding the venture to sell that product or service,and the third is developi
30、ng the firm so it continues to grow.The researchers discovered that when the team is passionate about the third phasedeveloping a firm-theres a clear link to performance.But the first phase-a passion for invention-is not a reliable indicator that the firm will still be open for business a few years
31、later.Likewise,the second-a passion for founding the venture-doesnt necessarily translate into great success.The solution to great team performance stems from a willingness to recruit others who could direct their passion towards the third phase of entrepreneurialism:developing the business.Employin
32、g more staff can,in itself,be a risk for an entrepreneur,as is paying them big dollars to attract them.(18)0n many occasions,the entrepreneurs reported not paying themselves a wage at all initially in order to cover salaries and expenses.-16.What does the speaker say about working for anew venture?D
33、)UU.frl$1.fHJL,uJCl6)i:pi;J:f:-i,Ji,tlkifl:1tlllfiff1i$J.xt,MffltE88nttffo D)o 17.What has science demonstrated regarding thepositive culture of a new venture?C)ffitJrl!1H1.f;l!L S:f U Cl 7)PI 9al,tlk i:p lJH:&mM#A-hm,ffBT1t:lk*mM,m JUtt;,mIEiJ:!:fBi,o 18.What does the speaker say about entrepreneur
34、s atthe initial stage of a new venture?B)(ffitfrl$11 o U 08)i:p flJIJ,1i$?r,tEfltllk:wJWI,fltllk cHli*&tz.:Jl,1ffl*MII#*ffiTo Jlt*jg B)o Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.Ageing is a curious thing,and peoples desire to beat it and death has become an industry worth hu
35、ndreds of billions of dollars.Despite the huge investment into research,ageing remains somewhat obscure,although there are certain things researchers do understand.They know that women tend to have longer life spans,living on average six years longer than men.(19)No one is really certain of the reas
36、on for this,although the centers around the idea that women are more of men.For virtually every disease,the effects are greater on men than they are on women.Some suggest that womens immune systems benefit from their tendency to prioritize and nurture social connections.But for me,this explanation i
37、s hardly convincing.Researchers also know to an extent what causes ageing.For 60 years,it was believed that cells would continue to divide forever.It was only uncovered in relatively recent times that older peoples cells divide a smaller number of times than younger peoples.Only cancer cells,in fact
38、,are capable of dividing forever.(20)Human cells have a limited reproductive ability.To an extent,we can postpone the eventual stop of cellsdividing through nutrition,exercise,good sleep and even relaxation techniques,but we cannot stop the ageingprocess.And researchers are yet to answer the ultimat
39、e question of ageing:why does the body ultimately fall topieces?In the opinion of some of the worlds best scientific minds on the subject,part of the reason we dontyet have any answer is because many researchers are looking in the wrong direction.(21)Many public health/2021 6 J.j 36 policymakers bel
40、ieve that the resolution of age-associated disease will tell us something fundamental about the ageing process,but,say some top scientists,thats completely erroneous.The point to win the diseases of childhood were eliminated,but this did not provide any insight into childhood development.In the same
41、 way,the idea that the resolution of age-associated diseases like heart disease and stroke will inform us about ageing is not based on sound science or logic.At best,if the major causes of death in developed countries were eliminated,this would only add a decade to ave.rage life expectancy.But while
42、 there is money available to be spent on it,the search to understand the secrets of ageing will be ongoing.!f-19.What do we learn about the possible reason whywomen tend to live longer?D)U*1rl-11JJL 1iJC19)r:f:ttJ!jJ,*-=ficl11*tt*,&Awr:f:tBm,!$.ff A ffJ aiftm#!r:f:tiEiJ:11 tt ttl!iJJ#-o mll:tff.1IDo
43、20.What is the recent discovery about human cells?A)ffffi-lJmo/;:i.J(20)r:f:timffltfi,ffl!i:fiMM*,ANUJJ o mff.1 A)o21.What do many public health policymakersbelieve?D)ffffi-WJmo/;:i.J(21)r:pftjJ,l!J!*1,ffl*-tlc-Jrr!,!Ult 1-fq9t,JA.im*zi.r*o mll:tff.1D)oQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the recording y
44、ou have just heard.Good afternoon.In todays talk,well discuss how managers can get their staff to do what they are asked.(22)Much to their frustration,managers of ten struggle to get their staff to comply with even simpleinstructions.Often,they blame their employees:They dont read emails,they dont l
45、isten,they dont carethat kind of thing.But according to recent research conducted in Australia,it looks like its not the employeesfault,but the managers.(23)Its easy to understand why people sometimes disobey procedures intentionally.Occasionally,its because theyre pressured to finish in a short tim
46、e.At other times,they may disagree with thespirit of the procedure-the effort demanded,the time consumed,the lack of potential effectiveness.Andevery now and then,they just dont want to,maybe deliberately or out of stubbornness.So apart from that,what else gets in the way of procedural compliance?Th
47、e research scholars surveyed 152 blue-collar workers from two separate sites in the mining industry.They asked the workers a range of procedure-related questions,such as whether they found the procedures useful,how confident they felt in their job,how comfortable they were to speak up in the workpla
48、ce,and how closely they followed any new procedures set by their managers.They were also asked to rate the extent to which they perceived their supervisors to be helpful.(24)That last statement was the.most instructive because,as the researchers found,there was a remarkably strong correlation betwee
49、n how helpful supervisors were perceived to be and how likely their employees were to follow their directors;Supervisors helping behavior was found to be motivational in nature.It increased employees perception of the likelihood of success in the attainment of job goals,and therefore fostered a will
50、ingness to dedicate their effort and ability to their work.In.short,managers should be ongoing role models for the change.As the saying goes:Do as I do,not as I say.To affect behavioral change,whats most required is interaction and involvement-the human touch-and,naturally,processes that add value.A