1、2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or Don the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Trust is a tricky business.One the one hand,its a necessary conditionmanyworthwhile things:child care.friendships,etc.O
2、n the other hand,putting your2in thewrong place often carries a high 34,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good.5 people place their trust inan individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormone that 6pleasurablefeelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts huma
3、ns to7with one anotherScientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9 In a Swissstudy,researchers sprayed oxytocin into a nose of half the subjects;those subjects were ready tolend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their10who inhaledsomething els
4、e.11 for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12us.A Canadianstudy found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and adishonest one.Sixty to elders were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container.Theteller would ask,whats in here?before
5、 looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming.Wow!Each subject was then invited to look 15 Half of them found a toy,the other half16 the container was empty and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked.the majoring were18to cooperatewith the tester in learning
6、 a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19,onlyfive of the 30 children pained with the20 tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.AforB fromClikeDon2.AfaithB concernC attentionDprice3.AbenefitB debtChopeDprice4.AThereforeB ThenC InsteadDagain5.AuntilB unlessC althoughD when6
7、.A selectsB producesC appliesD maintainsA consultB competeDcompareAatBbyC ofDto9A contentB moodCperiodD circle实的第六感能够我们”。根据语义，我们可以看出来，只有保护放在这里是符合语义的。13.A.between【解析】考查介词辨析根据differentiatea credible person and a disingenuous one,区别-个可靠的人和虚伪的人。那么根据后面介词nd,只能选择between。Between.and表示在两者之间，其余三个介词不能与nd连用。14.
8、C.introduced【解折】考查动词辨析。Sixty toddlers were each to an adult tester holding a plasticcontainer六十名儿童被一个成人试验员，他抱着个塑料集装箱。A.transferred(转移B.added(增加)C.introduced(介绍，引进)D.ensured(确认)。根据语义，我们可以看出来，只有C选项是符合题意的。表示：六十名儿童被介绍给一个成人试验员，他抱着个塑料集装箱。15D.inside研【解析】考查介词辨析。Each subject was then invited to look一，每一个受试者都
9、被邀请去往_看。Half of them found a toy,一半的人发现了一个玩具。从上文可知，试验员抱着一个塑料集装箱。那么，这些受试者肯定是往里看，才能发现玩具，所以选择D.inside,表示内部，向里。16.A.discovered【解析】考查动词辨析。the other halfthe container was empty另外一半集装箱是空的。根据amd并列逻辑关系词，我们可以看出来这个词是与found并列的。A.discovered(发现)B.proved(证明)C.insisted(坚持)D.remembered(记得)。所以A选项是正确答案。另外一半发现集装箱是空的。17
10、.C.fooled【解析】考查动词辨析。and realized the tester had fooled them。并且意识到这个检捡员他们A betrayed(背叛)B.wronged(冤枉）C.fooled(愚弄)D.marked(表示)。从全文知道这个集装箱是空的。从下一段among the children who had not been tricked,“在那些没有被戏弄的孩子中间”，根据tricked这个词，我们能够看出来，正确答案应该是C.fooled(愚弄)。18.B.willing【解折】考查形容词辨析。the majority were_to cooperate wi
11、th the tester in learning a newskill大多数人_和试验员合作去学习一个新的技能。A.be forced to(被迫做)B.be willingto(愿意做)C.be hesitant to(犹豫做)D.be entitled to(有的资格)，根据后面的合作，还有技能，我们可以看出来，肯定这些人愿意去做。所以选择B.be willing to(愿意做)19A.In contrast。【解析】考查短语辨析。全面是大多数人愿意和试验员合作去学习一个新的技能，后面说only five of the30 children,只有六分之一的孩子，显然是一种对比，所以应该选
12、择AInjobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of beingautomated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots.But manymiddle-class occupations-tru
13、cking,financial advice,software engineering-have aroused theirinterest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.d eventually boost productivity,This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefitedworkers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didnt g
14、o so well for Luddites whose jobs weredisplaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobsthan it destroyed.Likewise,automation should boost productivity,stimulate demand by drivingdown prices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,midd
15、le-classworkers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums-from grammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and
16、 complexcommunication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills andhelping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.Itcould make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skillswill be
17、able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fadingbusiness dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastictechnological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to
18、combinelabor and machines.The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet.TheU.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and laborincome taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Tax
19、es on low-wage labor need to be cut,and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded:This would boostincomes,encourage work,reward companies for job creation,and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this willbe little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying themachines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts.But policies to help workers adapt will beindispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?A.Middle-class workers.B.Low-wage laborers.