1、翻了个译，MTI专业辅导The pencil is a very simple object.Its made of wood with some layers of paintan eraser and a core,which is made out of graphite, clay and water.Yeah, it took hundreds of people over centuriesto come to this design.And its that long history of collaborationthat, to me, makes it a very per
2、fect object.The story of the pencil starts with graphite.People started finding really useful applicationsfor this new substance.They cut it into small sticksand wrapped it in string or sheepskin or paperand sold it on the streets of Londonto be used for writing or for drawingor, a lot of times, by
3、farmers and shepherds,who used it to mark their animals.Over in France,Nicolas-Jacques Cont figured out a method of grinding the graphite,mixing it with powdered clay and water to make a paste.From there, this paste was filled into a mold and fired in a kiln,and the result was a really strong graphi
4、te corethat wasnt breakable, that was smooth, usable -it was so much better than anything else that existed at the time,and to this day, thats the method thats still used in making pencils.Meanwhile, over in America, in Concord, Massachusetts,it was Henry David Thoreau who came up with the grading s
5、calefor different hardnesses of pencil.It was graded one through four,number two being the ideal hardness for general use.The softer the pencil, the more graphite it had in it,and the darker and smoother the line will be.The firmer the pencil, the more clay it had in itand the lighter and finer it w
6、ill be.Originally, when pencils were handmade, they were made round.There was no easy way to make them,and it was the Americans who really mechanized the craft.A lot of people credit Joseph Dixonfor being one of the first people to start developing actual machinesto do things like cut wood slats, cu
7、t grooves into the wood,apply glue to them .And they figured out it was easier and less wastefulto do a hexagonal pencil,and so that became the standard.Since the early days of pencils,people have loved that they can be erased.Originally, it was bread crumbsthat were used to scratch away pencil mark
8、sand later, rubber and pumice.The attached eraser happened in 1858,when American stationer Hymen Lipman patented the first pencilwith an attached eraser,which really changed the pencil game.The worlds first yellow pencil was the KOH-I-NOOR 1500.KOH-I-NOOR did this crazy thingwhere they painted this
9、pencil with 14 coats of yellow paintand dipped the end in 14-carat gold.There is a pencil for everyone,and every pencil has a story.The Blackwing 602 is famous for being used by a lot of writers,especially John Steinbeck and Vladimir Nabokov.And then, you have the Dixon pencil company.Theyre respons
10、ible for the Dixon Ticonderoga.Its an icon,its what people think of when they think of a penciland what they think of when they think of school.And the pencils really a thing that, I think,the average user has never thought twice about,how its made or why its made the way it is,because its just always been that way.In my opinion, theres nothing that can be doneto make the pencil better than it is.Its perfect.翻了个译，MTI专业辅导