1、 高级商务英语阅读CHARPTER 11 IS GLOBALIZATION SLOWING DOWN?I 教学目的教学目的:通过本文的学习,使学生了解什么是全球化,目前全球化进程的情况,以及当今世界上对全球化的不同观点。为什么有些国家反对全球化?全球化对世界经济发展的好处是什么?目前在全球化的进程中有哪些主要问题?我国对全球化的态度是什么?此外,通过本文的学习,学生进一步掌握经贸知识和有关词汇。II.教学计划教学计划:本文用六课时完成.一课时介绍背景知识,四课时讲解课文及语言难点,最后一课时由学生讨论,就该问题各抒己见。III.教学方法：教学方法：在讲解课文阶段，可以学生为主，有准备地以小组为
2、单位，逐一讲解各段课文。在讲解中可各抒己见，对文章中的观点发表各自看法，随时展开讨论。文章中的经贸次汇及语言难点教师要及时插入讲解。最后一节课，可安排辩论，将学生分成正方（支持全球化）和反方（反对全球化），并指定一名英文好的学生作主持人。该辩论要求学生在课下搜集材料，做好充分准备。辩论结束后，教师总结。IV.背景知识：背景知识：1.A.T.Kearney A.T.Kearney is one of the largest high value management consulting firms in the world.Having a broad range of capabilitie
3、s and expertise in all major industries,it offers a full spectrum of services,including strategy and organization,operations,business technology solutions,enterprise services,transformation and executive search.With 4600 employees worldwide,A.T.Kearney has offices in over 60 cities and 35 countries.
4、2.The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace a private,nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and 第 1 页 共 7 页 高级商务英语阅读promoting active international engagement by the United States.Founded in 1910,its work is nonpartisan and dedicated to achieving practical res
5、ults.Through research,publishing,convening,and on occasion,creating new institutions and international networks,Endowment associates shape fresh policy approaches.Their interests span geographic regions and the relations among governments,business,international organizations and civil society,focusi
6、ng on the economic,political,and technological forces driving global change.The Endowment pubilshes Froeign Policy,one of the worlds leading magazine of international politics and economics which reaches readers in more than 120 countrirs and several Languages.3.About globalization debates Globaliza
7、tion is a contentious process.Ever since the term was first used to make sense of latge-scale changes,scholars have debated its meaning and use.The main debates are in the following aspects:a)Meaning:Process vs.Project According to one popular view,globalization is the“inexorable integration of mark
8、ets,nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before-in a way that is enabling individuals,corporations and nation-states to reach round the world farther,faster,deeper and cheaper than ever before.”By contrast,some groups of schools and activists view globalization not as an inexor
9、able process but as a deliberate,ideological project of economic liberation that subjects states and individuals to more intense market forces.b)Interpretation:New Era vs.Nothing New Discussion of globalization often convey a sense that something new is happening to the world:it is becoming a“single
10、 place”and experienced as such,global practices,values,and technologies now shape peoples lives to the point that we are entering a:global age”,or global integration spells the end of the nation-state.A new world order is emerging,according to“hyperglobal”第 2 页 共 7 页 高级商务英语阅读accounts.Sceptics counte
11、r that there is nothing new under the sun since globalization is age-old capitalism writ large across the globe,or that governments and regions retain distinct strengths in a supposedly integrated world,or that the world is actually fragmenting into civilizational blocs.c)Evaluation:Good vs.Bad Glob
12、alization used to be widely celebrated as a new birth of freedom:better connections in a more open world would improve peoples lives by making new products and ideas universally available,breaking down barriers to trade and democratic institutions,resolve tension between old adversaries,and empower
13、more and more people.Many leaders in the West supported the advent of a new world order through free trade and political cooperation.By the late 1990s,cheerleading turned into jeremiads,a banner became a bulls-eye.The term globalization was used increasingly to express concern about the consequences
14、 of global change for the well-being of various groups,the sovereignty and identity of countries,the disparities among peoples,and the health of the environment.Politicians opposed to Americas global influence and activists opposed to the inequities of oppressive global capitalism now portray global
15、ization as dangerous.Globalization has thus become an issue in a wide-ranging global debate.5.Explanation:“Hard”vs.“Soft”Many authors attribute the dynamics of globalization to the pursuit of material interests by dominant states and multinational companies that exploit new technologies to shape a w
16、orld in which they can flourish according to rules they set.An alternative view suggests that globalization is rooted in an expanding consciousness of living together on one planet,a consciousness that takes the concrete form of models for global interaction and institutional development that constr
17、ain the interests of even powerful players and relate any particular place to a larger global whole.6.Political:End vs.Revival of Nation-State According to one line of argument,globalization constrains states:free trade limits the ability of states to set policy and protect domestic companies;capita
18、l mobility makes geneous welfare states less competitive;global problems exceed the group of any individual state;and global norms and institutions become more powerful.Others suggest that in a more integrated world nation-states may even become more important;they have a special role in creating co
19、nditions for growth and 第 3 页 共 7 页 高级商务英语阅读compensating for the effects of economic competition;they are key players in organizations and treaties that address global problems;and they are themselves global models charged with great authority by global norms.7.Cultural:Sameness vs.Difference A stan
20、dard complaint about globalization is that it leads to cultural homogeneity:interaction and integration diminish difference;global norms,ideas or practices overtake local mores;many cultural flows,such as the provision of news,reflect exclusively Western interests and control;and the cultural imperi
21、alism of the United States leads to the global spread of American symbols and popular culture.The counterargument stresses new heterogeneity that results from globalization;integration is likely to lead to new mixtures of cultures and integrastion is likely to provide a defense of tradition;global n
22、orms or practices are necessarily interpreted differently according to local tradition,and one such norm stresses the value of cultural difference itself;cultual flows now originate in many places;and America has no hegemonic grasp on a world that must passively accept whatever it has to sell.V.课文讲解
23、课文讲解:概念讲解概念讲解 cross-border flow of investment 投资的跨国流动 cultural hegemony 文化霸权 International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织 Integrated market 一体化市场 Digital divide 数字鸿沟 market capitalization 市场资本总额 technological advances 技术发展 income disparity 收入差距 课文注释课文注释 1 In recent years,indicators of global integration hav
24、e shown remarkable growth.(P.233 本文第 第 4 页 共 7 页 高级商务英语阅读一句)Indicators 是指衡量全球一体化的指标(globalization index).本文中提到的指标如下:1)国际旅行和旅游的人次(number of international travelers and tourists)2)外贸总额(total trade volume/value)3)外 国 直 接 投 资/长 期 和 短 期 投 资 的 跨 国 流 动 总 额 (foreign direct investment/total cross-border flow
25、s of short-and long-term investment)4)国际长途电话业务量/跨国活动水平(traffic on international switchboard/level of cross-border activity)5)cross-border remittance（国际汇款）6)互联网主机的数量(Internet hosts)7)在线用户人数/互联网用户人数(online users/Internet users)8)服务器的数量(secure servers)2 The expansion of information technologies adds to
26、 globalization in ways other facilitating communication,(P.233)句中 add to globalization 意为促进全球化;译为:信息技术的发展除了有助于通信外,还在其他方面促进了全球化。3.Others see the Internet is as a catalyst for creating global cultural communities,from Moroccan sports enthusiasts rooting for their favorite Canadian ice hockey team to a
27、ntiglobalization protesters mobilizing against the World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund.(P.234)句中 others 是指其他国家,意为还有一些国家把互联网视为创建全球文化社区的催化剂;后半句from to 引出两个例子说明这一看法,前一个是摩洛哥体育运动的狂热者们支持他们最喜爱的加拿大冰球队;后一个是反对全球化的抗议者们发动对世贸组织和国际货币基金组织的示威活动。4.Nowhere is this integration more evident tha
28、n in financial markets,which use advanced information technologies to move US$1.5 trillion around the world every day.(P.234)本句以倒装形式开头,用于强调金融市场最能说明信息技术在一体化中发挥作用:金融市场利用此技术每天在全世界有 1.5 万亿美元流动。第 5 页 共 7 页 高级商务英语阅读5 The drop in total trade to and from the 50 countries surveyed weighs particularly heavy i
29、n this slowdown.(P.234)句中 weigh heavy 意为有分量，具有重要性，有影响。此句可译为：被调查的五十个国家之间的贸易总额的下跌是造成全球经济一体化变缓的主要因素（原因）。6.With Sweden and Finland riding the wave of Internet development to similar gains in integration with the rest of the world,the current globalization ranking may well be in flex.(P.235)局中 riding the
30、 wave 意思是乘浪前进，此处译为：借助于；.the current ranking may well be in flex意为目前的全球化排名是会发生变化的，不是固定不变的。7.Indeed,if any region of the world exemplifies the changing face of global integration,that region is Scandinavia,where Sweden,Finland,and Norway have turned their traditional engineering and manufacturing prow
31、ess to work in the information technology boom while further opening their countries to trade and investment flows.(P.236)句中 prowess 意为杰出的才能或技巧，高超的本领，此处是指三个斯堪的纳维亚国家所专长的传统的工程和制造业。译为：.将他们专长的传统工程和制造业都改造成使用信息技术工作。8.The fact that Sweden,Finland,and the rest of the Scandinavia have been able to nurture fa
32、st-moving technological developments with their traditionally lumbering regulatory and tax regimes offers an unexpected contradiction,confusing traditional assumptions about how high levels of regulation impede globalization.(P.237)句中 their traditional lumbering regulatory and tax regimes 意为传统而庞杂的管理
33、和税收体制。此处指出实事和传统看法产生矛盾，传统看法是高度的控制有碍于全球化，而斯堪的纳维亚地区的国家虽然管理和税收体制庞杂，但却扶植了快速移动技术的发展。9.Together,those two regions stand on one side of a gaping digital chasm that appears to have left much of the remaining world behind.(P.237)句中 a gaping digital chasm 和 digital abyss 同义，译为巨大的数字鸿沟。10.The result is an impres
34、sive infrastructure not sufficiently supported by human capital.(P.238)句中 human capital 意为人力资本或智力资本；译为：非常突出的问题（结果）是其基础设施没有获 第 6 页 共 7 页 高级商务英语阅读得智力资本的足够支持。11.Yet,just as a cat scan creates a three-dimensional image of the human anatomy from a series of two-dimensional images,the A.T.Kearney/FOREIGN
35、POLICY Magazine Globalization Index provides a comprehesive view of global integration through an analysis of its component parts.(P.239)本句中 cat scan 译为：计算机化轴向 X 射线断层照相术。CAT 是 Computed Axial Tomography 的缩写。CAT 即是医院里常用 CT 检查。此处作者使用了比较和类推的方法说明通过对各项指标的分析可得到对全球一体化的纵观就像通过 CT 扫描人体二维影像可得到三维影像一样.句中 A.T.Kear
36、ney(科尔尼公司)是全球著名的管理咨询公司,为企业提供整套的管理咨询服务,包括:公司的战略咨询，组织变革，运作管理和技术解决方案公司在全球拥有员工 5000 名，分支机构遍布 35 个国家的 60 个城市2000 年业务收入为 13.9 亿美元句中 Foreign Policy Magazine 是 The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 出版的有关国际政治和国际经济的杂志，在世界上很有影响 12Even the least integrated countries are being drawn together by new forc
37、es beyond their ability to control,whether it is global warming,the spread of diseases,or the rise of international crime.(P.239)句中 new forces 是指非传统安全威胁构成的新因素，本句和下一句提到的此类因素有环境污染（全球气温变暖），疾病传播（传染病），跨国犯罪及文化和思想的传播；此外还应包括恐怖主义和金融安全。在全球化的背景下，借助现代化的交通、通讯工具，这些新威胁具备了跨国性、传染性和扩大性，因此是每个国家都不可抗拒的，即使是最不情愿参与全球一体化的国家也不例外。如：2001年阿根廷金融危机几乎导致这个富裕的南美国家破产；9。11 事件从心理上粉碎了美国国民的本土安全感；2003 年在全球蔓延的非典在经济上的破坏程度不亚于一场地区战争；到 2011 年，预计全球死于艾滋病的人将达到 8000 万，这些数字远远超过战争的致死率。（传统安全主要是维护国家主权和领土完整及抵御外敌侵略，即以军事威胁为中心以国家安全为核心）第 7 页 共 7 页