1、广西医科大学学报JOURNAL OF GUANGXI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY2023Jul.40(7)血清FT3、TSH水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系研究张莹,赵茜,王燕青(徐州市第一人民医院,徐州221000)摘要目的:研究血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系。方法:选取2020年10月至2021年10月本院收治的156例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者作为研究对象,根据颈动脉彩超声检测斑块稳定性结果将其分为不稳定斑块组(89例)和稳定斑块组(67例)。比较两组血清FT3、TSH水平。采用多因素Logistic回归性分析法分
2、析颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的影响因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FT3、TSH水平对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的预测价值。结果:不稳定斑块组FT3水平低于稳定斑块组,TSH水平高于稳定斑块组(均P0.05)。不稳定斑块组年龄65岁、高血压占比和LDL-C、TG、hs-CRP水平均高于稳定斑块组(P0.05)。FT3水平降低、TSH水平升高为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素(P0.05);ROC分析结果显示,FT3联合TSH预测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.875,高于单独预测(P0.05),两者联合诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为84.27%、83.58%,
3、与单独诊断比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者血清FT3、TSH水平均与斑块稳定性密切相关,两者联合可提高斑块稳定性的预测效能。关键词游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸;促甲状腺激素;颈动脉粥样硬化斑块;稳定性中图分类号:R543.4文献标志码:A文章编号:1005-930X(2023)07-1224-05DOI:10.16190/ki.45-1211/r.2023.07.022Relationship between serum FT3and TSH levels and carotid atherosclerotic plaque stabilityZhang Ying,Zhao
4、Qian,Wang Yanqing.(Xuzhou First People s Hospital,Xuzhou 221000,China)AbstractObjective:To study the relationship between serum free triiodothyronine(FT3)and thyroid stimulat-ing hormone(TSH)levels and the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques.Methods:156 patients with carotidatherosclerotic
5、plaques admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2021 were selected as study sub-jects,and they were divided into unstable plaque group(89 cases)and stable plaque group(67 cases)according tothe results of carotid ultrasound detection of plaque stability.Serum FT3and TSH levels were comp
6、ared betweenthe two groups.The factors influencing the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed by logisticmulti-factor regression analysis,and the predictive value of serum FT3and TSH levels for the stability of carotidatherosclerotic plaques were analyzed by receiver operating ch
7、aracteristic(ROC)curves.Results:The FT3levelsin the unstable plaque group were lower than those in the stable plaque group,and the TSH levels were higherthan those in the stable plaque group(all P0.05).The number of patients aged 65 years,incidence of hyper-tension and LDL-C,TG and hs-CRP levels wer
8、e higher in the unstable plaque group than in the stable plaquegroup(P0.05).Reduced FT3levels and increased TSH levels were independent risk factors for carotid athero-sclerotic plaque instability(P0.05);the results of ROC analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve(AUC)of FT3combined with TSH
9、 to predict carotid plaque instability was 0.875,which was higher than that ofsingle-factor predictions(P0.05),and the sensitivity and specificity of their combined diagnosis were 84.27%and 83.58%,respectively,which were not significantly different from that of single-factor diagnosis(P0.05).Conclus
10、ion:Both serum FT3and TSH levels are closely related to plaque stability in patients with carotid athero-sclerotic plaques,and the combination of the two can improve the predictive efficacy for plaque stability.Keywordsfree triiodothyronine;thyroid stimulating hormone;carotid atherosclerotic plaque;
11、stability通信作者收稿日期:2022-08-02 1224颈动脉粥样硬化是诱发脑卒中、冠心病等疾病的主要危险因素之一1。此类患者多伴有头晕、无力、运动障碍等症状,其中不稳定斑块易脱落或破裂易形成血栓,造成管腔堵塞、管壁破裂,增加脑血管疾病发生的风险2。有研究指出,颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成和发展与心脑血管疾病的发生有着密切关系3。因此,探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的影响因素对心脑血管事件的早期干预和预后意义重大。游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)是由甲状腺分泌,可促进机体基础代谢、蛋白质合成、调节体温等4。促甲状腺激素(TSH)是由腺垂体分泌,能促进甲状腺生长的激素,在维持甲状腺正常生理功能
12、中起着重要作用5,二者水平变化可准确反映甲状腺功能。Papadopoulou6等研究显示,甲状腺功能减退与颈动脉内膜增厚以及斑块的形成有关,且可能增加心血管疾病发生的风险,据此推测,血清FT3、TSH水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的发生相关。本研究对156例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者展开研究,旨在分析血清FT3、TSH水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系,为临床诊治提供参考依据,现将结果报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2020年10月至2021年10月本院收治的156例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者,其中男88例,女68例;年龄5678岁,平均(64.910.1)岁;体质量指数(23.32.2)k
13、g/m2。病例纳入标准:(1)经颈动脉彩超检查证实存在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块;(2)颈动脉内膜厚度1.5 mm;(3)近1周内未使用抗血小板、降脂类药物。排除标准:(1)合并血液性系统疾病或恶性肿瘤者;(2)合并其他心脑血管疾病者;(3)既往有甲状腺功能异常者;(4)合并肝、肾等器官功能不全者。根据颈动脉彩超结果将患者分为不稳定斑块组(89 例)和稳定斑块组(67例)。本研究已取得医院伦理委员会批准,所有患者均已签署知情同意书。1.2实验室相关指标检测于入院次日清晨采集患者空腹外周静脉血,离心,取上层血清。使用全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪(罗氏E801)检测患者血清FT3、TSH、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇
14、(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。试剂盒均购自南京贝登医疗股份有限公司。1.3统计学方法采用SPSS 26.0统计软件分析数据,计量资料以均数标准差(x s)表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;计数资料以频数或百分率(%)表示,率的比较采用2检验;采用多因素logistic回归分析方法分析影响颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的独立因素;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清FT3、TSH水平对颈动脉斑块稳定性的预测价值,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1两组血清FT3、TSH水平比较不稳定斑块组FT3水平低于稳定斑块组,TSH水平高于稳
15、定斑块组(均P0.05),见表1。表1两组血清FT3、TSH水平比较x s组别不稳定斑块组稳定斑块组tPn8967FT3/(pmol/L)2.810.563.260.654.6350.001TSH/(mU/L)15.763.1212.832.456.3510.0012.2两组患者一般资料及实验室相关指标比较不稳定斑块组年龄65岁和高血压所占比例及LDL-C、TG、hs-CRP水平均高于稳定斑块组(均P0.05),两组性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、TC水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),见表2。2.3颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的多因素分析将差异有统计学意义的变量进一步纳入多因素logis
16、tic回归分析中,结果显示:年龄65岁、合并高血压及FT3、TSH、LDL-C、TG、hs-CRP水平均为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的影响因素(均 P0.05),见表3。2.4血清FT3、TSH水平对颈动脉斑块不稳定性的预测价值FT3与TSH联合预测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.875,均高于单独预测;两者联合诊断的灵敏度和特异度分别为张莹,等.血清FT3、TSH水平与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系研究 1225广西医科大学学报2023 Jul.40(7)84.27%、83.58%,与单独诊断比较无明显差异(P0.05),见表4、图1。表2两组患者一般资料及实验室相关指标
17、比较项目性别,n(%)年龄,n(%)体质量指数/(kg/m2),x s吸烟史,n(%)饮酒史,n(%)高血压,n(%)LDL-C/(mmol/L),x sTC/(mmol/L),x sTG/(mmol/L),x shs-CRP/(mg/L),x s男女65岁65岁是否是否是否不稳定斑块组(n=89)52(58.4)37(41.6)50(56.2)39(43.8)23.12.036(40.5)53(59.5)31(34.8)58(65.2)36(40.5)53(59.5)3.750.745.321.032.450.4710.362.06稳定斑块组(n=67)38(56.7)29(43.3)26(
18、38.8)41(61.2)23.52.225(37.3)42(62.7)22(32.8)45(67.2)16(23.9)51(76.1)3.460.575.060.822.210.437.421.452/t0.0464.6180.9100.1580.0684.7222.6661.7003.2739.967P0.8300.0320.3640.6910.7940.0300.0080.0910.0010.001表3多因素logistic回归性分析结果影响因素FT3TSH年龄65岁高血压LDL-CTGhs-CRP-1.0421.6851.3291.3131.4981.5861.654SE0.4350.
19、4840.5990.5790.5850.5750.567Wald5.73712.1204.9235.1426.5577.6088.510P0.0100.0010.0350.0220.0080.0050.001OR0.3535.3923.7773.7174.4734.8845.22895%CI0.2710.4325.2656.0193.5994.2283.6564.2904.3525.1694.6215.3245.1396.108表4血清FT3、TSH水平对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的预测价值指标FT3TSHFT3与TSH联合截断值7.56pmol/L9.33mU/L灵敏度/%78.6577.5
20、384.27特异度/%67.1671.6483.58AUC0.7520.7430.87595%CI0.6770.8180.6670.8100.8120.922图1血清FT3、TSH预测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的ROC曲线图3讨论颈动脉粥样硬化发病机制复杂,主要病理为脂质沉积,引起动脉内膜纤维性增厚,形成粥样物,并使动脉壁变硬。颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定型斑块破裂后可造成栓塞,诱发脑梗死等急性脑血管病,危及患者生命7。本研究中,156例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者,不稳定斑块占比为57.05%,表明不稳定斑块发生风险较高。因此,对颈动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块的影响因素进行分析有助于加强临床对高风险患者的干预和
21、管理。本研究发现,不稳定斑块组FT3水平低于稳定斑块组,TSH水平高于稳定斑块组,且多因素logis-tic回归性分析显示FT3水平降低、TSH水平升高为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素。动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性病变,主要由细胞外脂质、炎性细胞、血管平滑肌细胞组成,而不稳定斑块由于炎症细胞浸润较多,斑块脆性大,纤维帽薄,易破裂,引起缺血性脑卒中等心脑血管疾病8。甲状腺是人体最大的内分泌腺体,当甲状腺功能异常时,机体脂质代谢紊乱,血管内皮功能、心肌收缩功能受损,诱发氧化应激反应、炎症反应,造成动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块形成和发展,增加心脑血管疾病发生的风险9。FT3与TSH均为检测甲状腺功能的常
22、用指标,其中FT3是甲状腺素生理活性部分,起调节代谢作用,一定程度上可保护神经元,颈动脉粥样 1226硬化斑块患者处于病理状态,脑血液循环障碍,神经内分泌功能受到影响,FT3水平降低10。Yu等11研究发现,FT3在冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中呈低表达,且正常范围内其水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化的严重程度与斑块形成呈负相关关系,本研究结果与之具有一定相似性,进一步表明FT3水平降低可增加颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性。TSH主要负责调节甲状腺细胞的增殖以及甲状腺激素的分泌,其水平升高可造成甲状腺功能减弱,血脂代谢紊乱,引起血流动力学异常,促进粥样硬化不稳定斑块的形成12。Farghaly等13研究指出,TSH
23、可直接影响血管系统和心脏功能,加重血管斑块炎症,增加动脉粥样硬化不稳定斑块形成的风险。本研究ROC曲线分析显示,血清FT3联合TSH预测颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定性的AUC为0.875,高于其单独预测,说明两者联合可提高预测价值。随着年龄的增大,血管功能逐渐退化,合并其他心脑血管疾病多,内皮细胞受损,间接引发不稳定斑块形成;高血压患者血管壁所受压力大,血管内皮不断受损,血小板聚集,易形成不稳定型动脉粥样硬化斑块。LDL-C可运输胆固醇至肝外组织,当持续被氧化后产生的脂质氧化物可造成血管内皮细胞损害,其携带的胆固醇在动脉壁积聚,形成粥样硬化,促进不稳定斑块的发生和发展14。Born等15研究发现,
24、LDL-C水平与心肌梗死事件密切相关,可促进动脉粥样性心血管疾病的发生和发展,本研究结果与之相似。TG是造成动脉粥样硬化的重要成分之一,当TG含量过高时,会造成血液黏稠度增加,血流变慢,加速血管堵塞,斑块不稳定性因素增加16。hs-CRP是常用的炎症反应指标之一,水平升高时提示炎症反应加重,造成内膜和纤维帽损伤,增加斑块脱落的风险,从而引发心脑血管疾病17。本研究结果显示,年龄65岁、合并高血压及LDL-C、TG、hs-CRP水平升高均为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块不稳定的独立危险因素。综上所述,血清FT3、TSH水平可有效判断颈动脉粥样硬化斑块患者病情严重程度,对斑块稳定性具有一定的预测作用。临床可通
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