1、38语法填空方法及训练,语法填空题命题分析和解题技巧,考试题型(讨论稿)解读,语法填空这种题型的显著特点都是将语言知识或语法知识放在语篇中进行考察.文章内容题材,体裁多样化.一共10道小题,每道1.5分.,与原有题型对比:少了选项的干扰 多了水平的发挥,能力要求:,词汇量构词法的变化和运用较强的句子分析能力与语法运用能力对文章大意的理解及上下文语义、语境的逻辑判断及推理能力,In the United States,there were 222 people _(report)to be billionaires(亿万富翁)in 2003.The _ of these is Bill Gate
2、s,worth at least$41 billion,who made his money_ starting the company Microsoft.Mr.Gates was only 21 years old _ he first helped to set up the company in 1976.He was a billionaire by the time he was 31._,there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even _(young)ages.Other young pe
3、ople who struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple.,reported,richest,by,when,However,younger,have,_ of these child actors made over a million dollars _(act)in movies before they were 14.But _ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany,who,in 2001,inherited(继承)a billi
4、on dollars when he turned 18!,8,9,10,Both,acting,the,解题技巧：,快速通读全文，把握中心意思。,弄清文章的体裁和题材、写作主线。,注意分析长句和复合句的句子结构。,注意上下文的联系。,根据上下文，分析空白处应填的词语的 词性和语义。,对所填词语的语法形式是否准确进行检查,Practice：,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese(kill)right below their windows.She was neighbor.Yet of the 32 helped her.Not one even c
5、alled the police.John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the why people didnt act.They found that a person has to go through two steps he can help.,1,2,3,4,5,killed,their,none,reason,before,First he has to notice that it is emergency.Is the smoke coming into the room a
6、leak in the air conditioning?Is it“steam pipes”?Or is it really smoke from a fire?Its not easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second,and important,the person faced with an emergency must feel personally(responsibility).He must feel that he must help,the person wont get the help he ne
7、ed,6,7,8,9,10,an,from,more,responsible,or,TIPS：,1 如文中提到的事实多、涉及面广，可采用抓关键词 的方法，记住文中谈及的各个方面，从而判断填出答案。,2 有时遇到看不懂的难句，读了几遍仍不懂，可作记号，暂时放下，留待有时间再来考虑,对命题的反思:,1 第一次讨论稿在冠词的考查上出现了零冠词,而第二次却没有出现零冠词的情况。2 第一次讨论稿出现从句引导词可省略但却仍 要求填写的情况,第二次却没有出现这种情况3 省略这一语法内容不在考查范围。4 这类题型考查内容多为各语法项目的基本用 法,难度并不见得比原有题型高,只要掌握方法,得分率也许不比单项选择
8、的低。,5 语法填空题所考查的语法项目比单项选择较少,所以应当强化重要语法的教学,如:三大从句及非谓语动词等,着力提高语法分析能力。6 语法填空题如同完形填空，要求相应的推断力,应着力提高对语篇的理解以及对语境的把握。7 省略、情景反映、多个并列形容词位置的排应不在考查的范围；倒装句和强调结构由于较难命题而考查的可能性不大。,People _(live)in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred _ in the world.Each contains ma
9、ny thousands of words.A very large dictionary,for example,contains four_ five hundred thousand words.But we _ not need all these.To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words._ you leave school,you will learn,1,2,3,4,5,living,languages,or,Before,Exercise:,do,only one thousand
10、or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.as many books as we can.There are a lot of books _(write)in easy English.You will enjoy them.When you meet _ new word,look it _ in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your _(much)useful book.,6,7,8,9,1
11、0,written,a,up,most,Read,动词：1 非谓语动词,to do,ed,ing,2 助动词：do，did，does，will，shall，has，have，had,3 情态动词：can，should，must 等,（在时态、语态中考查）,（基本用法，虚拟，猜测的考查）,4 短语动词,并列连词：and，or，but，so,从句引导词,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,代词,人称代词：I，you，he，she，we，they,物主代词：my，your，his，her，our，mine，ours等,不定代词：all,both,each，every,none some,any 等,语法
12、填空训练(一),Many people are wondering if it is safe to talk on the cellphones while driving.Most of people think that the use of cellphones should 1(ban)while they are driving,2 in that case accidents can easily happen.A growing number of states are making rules to keep young drivers 3 using cellphones
13、while they are driving.When there is 4 car accident,police officers will find out 5 any of the drivers is using a cellphone.There have been some very bad car accidents 6(cause)by drivers being distracted by cellphones.,Drivers sometimes forget to watch the road 7(careful)when they are using their ph
14、ones.8 paying attention to the road can be dangerous,even deadly.It is important for drivers to focus 9 the road.They need to pay attention to 10 is going on around them.So,stop using your cellphones while driving.,Keys:be bannedbecausefromaif/whether,6.caused7.carefully8.Not9.on10.what,语法填空训练(二),It
15、 was my first day in Hangzhou,the Chinese city famous for its natural beauty and history and I didnt have much time to spare.I wanted to see 31 much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou.My first task was to decide where to go and 33 to get there.I took out my guide
16、 book in which there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist 34(attract)and started to read.At that moment an attractive young lady 35 noticed my book came up to me and introduced 36.,She said her name was Miss Bai and she kindly offered to show me 37 the city.I was delighted and
17、 was about to accept her proposal when she suggested we first 38(go)to the West Lake and walk along the Broken Bridge.I quite liked the idea of visiting the West Lake but wasnt so sure about crossing the Broken Bridge.39 it was broken,did she expect me to jump across?And I couldnt swim,so if I fell
18、in then I would drown.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,40(close)my book and walked away.,Keys:31.as 32.before 33.how 34.attractions 35.who/that 36.herself 37.around 38.go 39.If/Since/As 40.closed,语法填空训练(三),I was always told that the three Ps,patience,p
19、ositive thinking and perseverance(毅力),were a sure path 31 success.But this advice does not always work as planned.My high school maths exam is one example.The exam,32 was originally to be held in our classroom,33(change)to the library at the last minute.This,34,didnt bother me because maths had alwa
20、ys been my strongest subject.I patiently walked to the library,took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 35.,But my mood quickly changed when I saw 36 first question.I had no idea how to do it.I tried to stay positive and persevered 37 I finally found the solution.With the problem 38(so
21、lve),I felt proud of my achievement.39(fortunate),I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 40(complete)the rest!,Keys:31.to 32which 33.was changed 34however 35.myself 36the 37.until 38solved 39.Unfortunately 40to complete,语法填空训练(四),Deciding what present you should give someone is never easy.Ma
22、ny things must be considered such as 31 the person is interested in and how old he is.We must also consider the reaction of the person 32(receive)the gift.One of the 33(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher,Ms Chen.Ms Chen 34(teach)me English since Junior 1,and to show
23、my 35(appreciate)I decided to get her a present.I asked my classmates about her interests 36 I made my final decision.,Then I went to the department store 37 I worked part-time and bought her 38 expensive gift box of Sichuan beef.I was certain she would like it because I 39(tell)by my classmates tha
24、t she loved hot food.I left the box with a card on her desk,and I was sure she would like them.40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG!,Keys:31.what 32.receiving 33.worst 34.had taught/had been teaching/has taught/has been teaching 35.appreciation 36.before 37.wh
25、ere 38.an 39.was told/had been told 40.It,语法填空训练(五),An expensive car speeding down the main street of a small town was soon caught up with by a young motorcycle policeman.1 he started to make out the ticket,the woman 2 the wheel said 3(pride),“4 you go any further,young man,I think you should know t
26、he mayor of this city is a good friend of mine.”The officer did not say a word,5 kept writing.“I am also a friend of chief of police Barens,”continued the woman,getting 6 angry each moment.,Still he kept on writing.“Young man,”she persisted,“I know Judge Lawson and State Senator(参议员)Patton.”7(hand)t
27、he ticket to the woman,the officer asked pleasantly,“Tell me,do you know Bill Bronson.”“Why,no,”8 answered.“Well,that is 9 man you should 10(know),”he said,heading back to his motorcycle,“I am Bill Bronson.”,Keys:1.As 2.behind 3.proudly 4.Before 5.but 6.more 7.Handing 8.she 9.the 10.have known,语法填空训
28、练(六),My sister had dropped out of school and 31 very unwise decisions with her life.She chose to spend her time with people who were lost 32 she was.They all chose to ignore their 33(responsible)and supported one another in a life which involved drinking and partying.34(sad),they were all losing tim
29、e.They were young and had the potential to become 35 they wanted if they would only choose to respect themselves and believe in a better life.,My sister was lost but my father never gave up on her.She may not have even known it but his prayers and faith 36 her may have been the very thing she needed
30、.I remember sitting at the family dinner table 37 everyone had gathered except my sister.Once again she had chosen to drink with friends instead of spending 38 evening with our family who loved her very much.We said she would not come.But my father said she would.We all rallied against him,39(bet)sh
31、e would not show up and asked why he would say that.We 40 convinced he was in denial.He simply said,“I will always bet on her,on all of you.”,Keys:31.was making/made 32.as33.responsibilities 34.Sadly35.whateverwhat 36.in 37.where 38.an 39.betting 40.were,语法填空训练(七),The Thanksgiving Day 31(come),a sch
32、ool teacher asked her class of first graders to draw a picture of something they were thankful for.She thought of how little these children 32 poor neighborhoods actually had to be thankful for.But she knew that 33 of them would draw pictures of turkeys or tables with food.The teacher was surprised
33、34 the picture Douglas handed in a smile childishly drawn hand.,But 35 hand?The class was puzzled by the abstract image.“I think it 36 be the hand of God that brings us food,”said one child.“37 farmer,”said another,“because he grows the turkeys.”Finally when the others were at work,the teacher bent
34、over Douglas desk and asked whose hand it was.“Its 38 hand,Teacher,”he answered.,She recalled that frequently after class she had taken Douglas,a short lonely child by the 39.She often did that with the children.But it meant so much to Douglas.Perhaps this was everyones Thanksgiving,not for the mate
35、rial things 40(give)to us but for the chance,in whatever small way,to give to others.,Keys:31.was coming 32.from 33.most 34.at35.whose 36.must 37.A 38.your 39.hand 40.given,【答案与解析】31.was coming 过去进行时表过去将来时，感恩节即将来临。32.from 这些孩子们来自贫苦家庭。33.most 她料想多数孩子们会画桌丰富的感恩节佳肴，外加一只香喷喷的火鸡。34.at 固定搭配，be surprised at意
36、为“对感到吃惊”。35.whose 根据上下文，这里问“道格拉斯画的是谁的手呢？”36.must 一个孩子说到，“它一定是赐给我们食物的上帝的手。”用must表肯定的推测。37.A 另一个孩子说，那一定是一个农夫的手。38.your 根据上下文，道格拉斯回到那是老师的手。39.hand 老师下课时总会牵牵手他的手。40.given 感恩节的真正意义并不在于我们收受了他人“给予我们的”物质东西，而是他人给予了我们机会，无论这种给予是多么的微不足道。given to us作后置定语修饰前面的material things。,语法填空训练(八),In the days when an ice cre
37、am cost much less,Tom,31 8yearold boy,entered a hotel coffee shop 32 sat at a table.A waitress put a glass of water in front of him.“How much is an ice cream?”“Fifty-cents,”replied the waitress.The little boy pulled 33 right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of 34 in it.“How much is a dish
38、 of plain ice cream?”he asked.Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit 35(patience).“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36(rude).-,The little boy carefully counted the coins 37.“I will have a plain ice cream,”he said.The waitress walked 38.The boy finished the ice cream,paid
39、 the cashier and left.It was not long 39 the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprise at what she saw.There,40(place)neatly beside the empty dish,were two nickels and five penniesher tip!,Keys:31.an 32.and 33.his 34.coins 35.impatient 36.rudely 37.again
40、38.away(off)39.before 40.placed,语法填空训练(九),One evening,I came across one of sons papers with a failing grade.I almost started to yell his name 31 I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep.It was his 32(nine)year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins,so I was angry.But I put the pap
41、er aside and turned to the 33 one,at the top of which were written“My dad”.It was a poem about me,34 included the time I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he 35(break)his finger.So careless was I 36 I had forgotten all about that.-,He talked about how I wrestled with him in the e
42、venings and 37 good many other things.That paper was suddenly not nearly as important as it had been a few minutes 38.I dont know if he planted the poem next to the failing grade to 39(soft)the blow,but it worked.Instead of a severe lecture,I talked to him about the poem as well as the failed homewo
43、rk,and it began to make sense to me that I could include praise along 40 constructive criticism.,Keys:31when 32ninth33next/other 34which35had broken 36that37a 38before/earlier39soften 40with,Keys:31答案为when。在语境中考查连词的用法。32答案为ninth。考查序数词在语境中的使用。33答案为 next/other。在语境中考查形容词的用法。34答案为which。考查定语从句关系代词的使用能力。3
44、5答案为had broken。考查语境中时态用法。36答案为that。考查对句子结构倒装句的掌握情况。37答案为a。考查冠词构成的短语在语境中的运用。38答案为before/earlier。考查对间接引语中时间状语的转变掌握。39答案为soften。考查构词法知识及对上下文的把握。40答案为with。主要考查在语境中对介词的运用。,语法填空训练(十),A visit to a doctors office costs from fifteen to fifty dollars.It is 31 impossible for people to pay for the medical care
45、they need.Many people in the United States think that doctors are overpaid.Most doctors,however,_32_(agree).They say that they 33(require)to study medicine for a long time.Tuition for many years of medical education costs a lot of money.Doctors say that it is 34 for most medical students to borrow m
46、oney from bank to pay their tuition.-,Because their money must be repaid to 35 bank,young doctors need to receive a lot of money for their work.So,they charge(收费)people high prices 36 medical care.37,it is possible that the high cost of medical care in America is unnecessary.38 high tuition is one 3
47、9 of high costs,40 way to lower costs would be to have medical schools that are free or have low tuition.,Keys:31.almost 32.disagree 33.were required 34.necessary 35.the 36.for 37.Therefore 38.Because 39.cause 40.one,语法填空训练(十一),Some years ago,SARS broke out in the mainland of China,causing some peop
48、le to be killed or nearly got close to 21(die).The situation was so severe that there was no time 22(debate)who is to blame.The most important thing for the government to do is to find out the cause of this 23(dead)disease.They invited all the most experts in this field to discuss and quite a few su
49、ggestions were 24(put)forward.Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tested them to see whether they were 25(avail).,Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one patient who was seriously ill and had little hope of 26(pick)up and had the new medicine 27(test)on him.To his great joy,this patient
50、recovered!He made his way to his office and telephoned to the top official,28(tell)him this exciting news.For 29(convenient),he moved to live in his office.His method 30(do)make sense.Not soon after that,the other hospital also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.,Keys:21.deat