1、【考研英语一】主题词（上）【考研英语一】主题词（上）+真题带写真题带写 本期给大家讲解主题词的变形，并以真题带写形式分别给出菜鸟版和进阶版的模板套用方法。主题词主题词分类分类 公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食 从历年真题（1998-2023）来看，英一图画作文的主题词可以归纳为五个母主题：个人发展、社会道德、文化、环保和科技（按主次排序）。五个母主题，又可以衍生出 24 个分主题（见思维导图黑体字）。其中前 12 个分主题均属于“个人发展”这个母主题的范畴，并可以归纳为“逆境应对”、“学习成长”、“行为习惯”、“态度抉择”四个部分。本期首先攻克“个人发展”母主题下的 12 个分主题，
2、利用我们之前讲解过的主题词构词法（可点击查看），每个分主题给出三种形式的主题词变体，希望可以帮助大家解决主题词词穷的难题。个人发展个人发展（Personal Growth）一、一、逆境应对（逆境应对（Reaction to adversity）1.坚持（坚持（Perseverance）通用构词法：moving forward（勇往直前）；being determined（坚定不移）疑问词构词法：what keeps us going/what drags us down（分别指代“坚持”和“不坚持”）直接套用法：the mechanism of determination（毅力的原动力）；th
3、e fabric of unyielding spirit（不屈精神的构成）注：用疑问词引导的句子充当主题词时，语序应该是顺序；mechanism 是机制的意思，这里意译为原动力；fabric 是布料材质的意思，可以用来表示的构成。2.乐观（乐观（Optimism;Positive thinking）通用构词法：being optimistic/hopeful（乐观主义/充满希望）;maintaining a positive attitude（保持积极的态度）对照构词法：optimism versus pessimism（乐观 VS 悲观）直接套用法：a willingness to see
4、 the silver lining（愿意看到事情的积极面）；a sense of hopefulness（满怀希望的感觉）3.历练历练（Trials and hardships）通用构词法：braving the storm（直面风雨）;being resilient in adversity（逆境中坚韧不拔）公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食疑问词构词法：how we should face the storm head-on（怎样迎头直面风雨）直接套用法：a willingness to face challenges head-on（愿意直面挑战）;the mechanism
5、of growth through challenges（在挑战中成长的机理/过程）4.心态（心态（Negative/positive attitude）对照构词法：“positive thinking”versus“gloomy outlook”（“积极看法”VS“悲观预期”）疑问词构词法：what keeps us going/what drags us down（分别指代“积极心态”和“消极心态”）直接套用法：a willingness to face challenges（愿意面对挑战）；a sense of confidence in adversity（在困境中充满信心）二、二、学
6、习成长（学习成长（Growth and learning）1.全面发展（全面发展（all-around development）通用构词法：getting comprehensive growth（获得全面成长）对照构词法：specialization versus comprehensive development（专业化 VS 综合发展）直接套用法：a sense of balance in all aspects of growth（在各方面成长中找到平衡）2.梦想（梦想（Dream;Passion）通用构词法：being passionate about（对充满热情）；being dr
7、eam-driven（被梦想所驱动）疑问词构词法：what drives us forward（驱动力）；what fuels ones enthusiasm（激发热情的燃料）直接套用法：the fabric of dream（梦想的构成）；a sense of enthusiasm in all endeavors（奋斗过程中的激情）“主见”相关的主题词见构词法中 21 年真题示例 3.永不止步（永不止步（Never stop）公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食通用构词法：advancing forward（前进）；being relentless in progress（过程当中不
8、松懈）疑问词构词法：why it is important to never stop progressing（永不止步的重要性）直接套用法：the mechanism of continuous growth（持续成长的原理）；a willingness to keep growing（不断进步的意愿）4.行动力（行动力（Action and motivation）通用构词法：being action-oriented（以行动为导向）；being proactive in tasks（积极完成任务）对照构词法：initiative versus passivity（主动性 VS 被动性）直接
9、套用法：the mechanism of taking initiative（采取主动的原动力）；a willingness to take an action（行动的意愿）三、三、行为习惯（行为习惯（Behaviors and habits）1.自律自律/时间管理（时间管理（Self-discipline/Time management）通用构词法：seizing the time（抓紧时间）；cultivating self-discipline（培养自律）对照构词法：self-discipline versus laziness（自律 VS 懒惰）疑问词构词法：why time mana
10、gement is crucial for success（时间管理是成功要素的原因）2.榜样榜样/以身作则（以身作则（Role model）通用构词法：setting an example through actions（以身作则）疑问词构词法：how to serve as a positive example for kids to follow（如何给孩子树立榜样）直接套用法：the mechanism of influencing others（影响他人的机制）四、四、态度抉择（态度抉择（Choice and decision）1.难易选择（难易选择（The choice betwe
11、en an easy one and a hard one）通用构词法：avoiding difficulties（畏难）；opting for the easy way（择易）公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食疑问词构词法：why we should not always choose the path of least resistance（为什么我们不应该总是选择最好走的路）直接套用法：the mechanism of navigating our choices（引导选择的机制）；a willingness to make challenging decisions（愿意做出有
12、挑战性的决定）2.选择时的迷茫（选择时的迷茫（Confusion in making choices）通用构词法：being overwhelmed with options/feeling lost in face of multiple options（选择太多，无所适从）疑问词构词法：how to navigate through the fog of choices（如何在选择过程中穿越迷雾）直接套用法：a sense of bewilderment when determining the best path（困惑于哪条路是最佳路径）主题词可以在文章中多次出现，甚至可以充当素材。另外
13、，同一个母主题下的主题词是可以相通相融的，比如“乐观”和“心态”这两个主题就可以通用。本期就到这里，下期我们把剩余的 12 个分主题讲完。下面是真题带写，我们以 19 年真题为例，全景呈现图画作文模板的套用思路：19 年真题年真题带写带写 第一段第一段：1.“开 篇”模 板 句：The picture/cartoon appears to offer an(informative/inspiring/vivid)glimpse into.我们可以利用主题词构词法填充空白，这里采用的是对照法：The picture offers an inspiring glimpse into the cho
14、ice of“quitting”versus“persevering”(或：the choice of“giving up”versus“going on”).2.图画描述模板句：As can be seen,sb does sth+介词+n,ving+定语从句；或：As can be seen,there is sb ving+介词+n+定语从句 我们可以按照上述句型展开描述：As can be seen,a man wants to give up in the way of climbing a mountain,saying that he is exhausted.但句型结构只是一个
15、引导，并非一定要遵循这个模式，比如 wants to 也可以换成is going to；我们在描述另一个人时，也只需要用到 and 连接的并列结构：By 公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食contrast,the other man is full of passion in face of difficulties and encourages his partner to brace up and go on after a rest.第二段第二段：1.“重申主题+正确做法”模板句：Tapping into,there is every reason/a good reason t
16、o 菜鸟菜鸟填空法填空法：Tapping into such a phenomenon/behavior/theme/trend,there is every reason to believe that+简单句（比如 we should），或：there is every reason to stress the necessity of+主题词（perseverance）上述方法几乎可以无脑写作，但这只是权宜之计，大家尽量使用下面的进阶方法 进阶进阶填空法填空法：Tapping into the essence/importance/significance/meaning/necessi
17、ty/vitality/convenience/treasure of+主题词/主题词相关词（例如：the essence of perseverance/success）,there is every reason to+动词词组（例如：move forward 或 be determined）+扩展（例如：when faced with/in the face of/regardless of/despite/under/throughout）完整句子示例：Tapping into the essence of perseverance,there is every reason to m
18、ove forward throughout hardships/when faced with challenges.2.“指出问题”模板句:Yet in the modern days/reality/practices,.is/are poised to+do/poised for+n 这句话用于引出“错误的做法”，后半句还可以通过 but,instead of,rather than 或“动名词伴随”来扩充句子。例如：Yet in reality,many individuals are poised to give up when things get tough,thinking
19、that the end goal is unreachable.这里需要注意 Be poised to 的用法：从形象感上来看，Be poised to 是“摆出姿势，要做某事”的意思，含有一种主动、愿意做某事的意味，我们可以说“主动放弃”（be poised to give up），但不能说主动陷入悲观（be poised to be mired in pessimism）。3.“分析原因”模板句：At the heart of.is a lost sense/sight of./a revealing lack of/an inability to(see the values/mean
20、ing of.)公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食菜鸟填空法菜鸟填空法，只需填写一个主题词：只需填写一个主题词：At the heart of such phenomenon/behavior is an inability to comprehend the true value of+主题词 进阶进阶填空法填空法：尽量言之有物，比如 an inability to 后面可以接升华性正确做法（也可以上升到认知层面）；在语料储备充沛的情况下，还可以通过连接词或动名词伴随来进一步扩展句子。完整句子示例：At the heart of such behavior is an inabili
21、ty to see that all things are difficult before they are easy,and some people surrender even before theyve truly begun.4.“回归主题”模板句：However,is the very condition to render the possibility of,while a lost sense of./too much pursuit of/too much indulgence in will subject us to its slavery/could threaten
22、(to)/may reduce ones capacity to.菜鸟填空法：菜鸟填空法：However,主题词+is the very condition to render the possibility of+母主题,while a lost sense of this basic truth can act as a drag on ones future development.这里只需要填写两处主题词，第一处可以填写“动名词形式的主题词”，比如being determined；第二处需要填写母主题词，比如“坚持”的母主题是“个人发展”（personal growth）。后半句中的
23、ones 既可以是 our,their,the countrys 这样的从属词，也可以是 of表示的从属关系，比如 the future development of traditional culture.完整句子示例：However,being determined is the very condition to render the possibility of personal growth,while a lost sense of this basic truth can act as a drag on our future development.进阶填空法：进阶填空法：前半
24、句尽量结合图片意象，填一些具体、切题的内容。其中render the possibility of 后面可以接名词或“动名词”短语，例如：unyielding spirit is the very condition to render the possibility of conquering a mountain 如果语料过长，就需要去掉 render the possibility of，否则会显冗余，例如：unyielding spirit is the very condition to overcome a seemingly unconquerable mountain 后面接“
25、并列”动词短语时也需要去掉 render the possibility of，例如 17 年真题范文：the act of massive reading is the very condition to boost your brain power,release your imagination and understand the world around you.后半句（while）尽量用一些具体的意象进行升华，从反面说明影响和主题意义。公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食完整句子示例：However,unyielding spirit is the very conditio
26、n to overcome a seemingly unconquerable mountain,while too much indulgence in an easy life could threaten our motivation and dynamics to advance in any field.5.“升华主题”模板句：In a larger sense/For this reason,.这一部分可以利用模板句构思内容，也可以直接或变换应用素材，例如：In a larger sense,life is about accepting the challenges along
27、the way,choosing to keep moving forward,and savoring the journey.For this reason,dont dream up thousands of reasons why you cant do what you want to,but find one reason why you can.注：标红部分是群文件素材，下同。第三段：第三段：1.“行动句”模板：To wrap it all up/In a nutshell/To sum up,the path to.should be approached by a shift
28、 in mindset:translating our focus on into that on 菜鸟填空法：菜鸟填空法：the path to 后面接 fruitful results，然后 focus oninto that on的两处空白只需填写简单的名词或短语即可，比如 translating our focus on difficulties into that on future development 进阶填空法：进阶填空法：the path to 后面接符合题意的名词或动名词短语，比如 meaningful progress/achieving measurable prog
29、ress；focus on 和 that on 后面可接双引号加持的名词短语 完整句子示例：To wrap it all up,the path to meaningful progress should be approached by a shift in mindset:translating our focus on“current difficulties”into that on“future yields”.2.“收尾句”模板：And it will secure the highest opportunities for./Such a move may hold a part
30、icular promise of/Then.is no longer a remote possibility.菜鸟填空法：菜鸟填空法：这几个模板句的空白部分都可以填 a rewarding future 进阶填空法：进阶填空法：用“动名词”短语填空，并充分利用群内素材，例如：Such a move may hold a particular promise of changing the hot water of mediocrity to the steam of success.公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食 综述 1.模板句不需要全盘套用，可以适当删减，灵活组合，一定不要
31、让模板束缚思路。2.大家慎用菜鸟填空法，至少避免全盘应用，因为普适的东西会显得比较泛化、空洞。篇幅所限，20 年真题的写作过程就不再赘述了，原理同上，下面给出 19、20年完整范文 19 年真题年真题 范文范文 The picture offers an inspiring glimpse into the choice of“quitting”versus“persevering”.As can be seen,a man,who appears to be exhausted,is going to give up in the way of climbing a mountain.By
32、contrast,the other man is full of passion in face of difficulties and encourages his partner to brace up and go on after a rest.关于“放弃”与“坚持”的选择，这幅图片充满启示。如图，一个人在爬山途中想要放弃，说自己已经精疲力竭。相比之下，另一个人则不畏艰难，激情满满，鼓励他的同伴打起精神，休息一下再接着爬。Tapping into the essence of perseverance,there is every reason to move forward thr
33、ough hardships.Yet in reality,many individuals are poised to give up when things 公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食get tough,thinking that the end goal is unreachable.At the heart of such behavior is an inability to see that all things are difficult before they are easy,and some people surrender even before they
34、ve truly begun.However,unyielding spirit is the very condition to overcome a seemingly unconquerable mountain,while too much indulgence in an easy life could threaten our motivation and dynamics to advance in any field.鉴于“坚持”的本质，我们完全应该在困境中畏难前行。而在现实生活中，许多人一遇到困难就准备放弃，认为自己无法实现最终目标。这种行为的症结在于，他们看不到一个事实，即
35、凡事必先难后易，有些人甚至在事情真正开始之前就已经放弃了。然而，只有具有坚韧不拔的精神，才能克服看似无法征服的困难，而过度沉迷于轻松的生活可能会使我们在任何领域都缺乏前进的动力。To wrap it all up,the path to meaningful progress should be approached by a shift in mindset:translating our focus on“current difficulties”into that on“future yields”.Such a move may hold a particular promise of
36、 changing the hot water of mediocrity to the steam of success.总之，要取得有意义的进步，我们就应该转变思维方式：不再关注“当前的困难”，转而关注“未来的收获”。这样做尤其能够使“平庸”转化为“成功”。20 年真题年真题 范文范文 The picture offers an inspiring glimpse into the importance of cultivating a good habit.As can be seen,a girl is doing her homework,feeling that things sh
37、ould be done as early as possible.By contrast,the boy,on the right-hand side of the picture,sits leisurely in front of the desk,saying that he will put things off until the last minute.关于养成好习惯的重要性，这幅图片充满启示。如图，一个女孩儿正在做作业，觉得事情应该尽早完成。相比之下，图片右侧的男孩儿则悠闲地坐在书桌前，说不到最后不动手。公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食Tapping into the
38、 essence of self-discipline,there is every reason to seize the time when dealing with a task.Yet in practice,many individuals are poised to enjoy the current ease while holding off their duties.At the heart of such behavior is an inability to manage their time responsibly.However,effective schedulin
39、g is the very condition to render the possibility of lifting our performance,while too much indulgence in an easy life could threaten our motivation and dynamics to advance in any field.鉴于自律的本质，我们完全应该抓紧时间做事情。但实际上，许多人乐于享受当前的舒适，并推迟他们的责任。这种行为的症结在于，他们缺乏责任感，无法很好地管理时间。然而，有效的规划是提升表现的关键，而过度沉迷于轻松的生活可能会使我们在任何
40、领域都缺乏前进的动力。注：最后一句（while）可以照搬 19 年的范文；结尾处还可以接“In a larger sense+群文件素材”例如：In a larger sense,days are measured by minutes.If you gain control of your lifetime,you will gain control of your life.In a nutshell,the path to achieving productivity should be approached by a shift in mindset:translating our f
41、ocus on“short-term comforts”into that on“long-term benefits”.And it will secure the highest opportunities for a balanced and rewarding life.简而言之，要想取得成效，就应该转变我们的思维方式：不要关注“短期安逸”，而要看重“长远获益”。这将使我们实现平衡、有意义的生活。注：个人发展类的题型相触相通，所以在没有更切题的思路时，这里依然可以照搬 19 年的范文：Such a move may hold a particular promise of changing the hot water of mediocrity to the steam of success.公众号/B站：Fi o n a 的英语美食