1、2021年逐词逐句精讲册Section IUse of English腹部脂肪与大脑原文朗读词汇讲解第一段1Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the abilityto think quickly,logically,and abstractly in order to solve new problems.【词汇注释】nuidnu:rda.不固定的：易变的memorymemarin.记忆力intelligenceInteld3ansn.智力abili
2、ty3brlatin.能力have to do with sb./sth与有关logicallyIDd3kIiad.合逻辑地short-termbtt3ma.短期的abstractlyebstraektliad.抽象地【结构切分】the type of intelligence主句：Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence的定语从句that has to do with short-term memoryand the ability主语系动词表语引导词谓语宾语1连词宾语2the abilityf的后置定语目的in order to solv
3、e new problems.to think quickly,logically,and abstractly状语【全句译文】流体智力是这样一种智力：它关乎短期记忆及解决新问题所用的快速思维、逻辑思维、抽象思维能力。2It peaks in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then generally starts to slowlydecline as we age.【词汇注释】peakpi:k.达到峰值generallyd3 enraliad.通常地；普遍地；一般地young adulthood成年早期；青年时期de
4、clinedrklain.下降：衰退level out(经过急剧的涨落后)保持平稳发展ageerd3v.衰老；变老a period of time一段时间【结构切分】主句：It peaks in young adulthood,levels out for a period of time,and then generally starts to slowly decline主语谓语1时间状语1谓语2时间状语2连词状语+谓语3谓语3的时间状语从句as we age.引导词主语谓语【全句译文】它在青年时期达到峰值，在一段时间内保持平稳发展，随后普遍开始随着我们年龄的增长而缓慢衰退。3 But w
5、hile aging is inevitable,scientists are finding out that certain changes in brain function maynot be.【词汇注释】inevitableInevitabla.不可避免的certains3tna.(不提及细节时用)某种find out查明：弄清（情况）brain function大脑功能【结构切分】主句：Butscientists are finding out让步状while aging isinevitable,连词主语谓语语从句引导词主语系动词表语finding out的宾语从句that ce
6、rtain changes in brain functionmay not be(inevitable)引导词主语主语的后置定语系动词表语【全句译文】但是尽管衰老不可避免，科学家们却发现大脑功能的某些变化或许并非不可避免。第二段1One study found that muscle loss and the accumulation of body fat around the abdomen areassociated with a decline in fluid intelligence.【词汇注释】muscle loss肌肉流失abdomenebdamann.腹部accumulat
7、ionakju:mj3leISnn.堆积be associated with.与有关fatfetn.脂肪：肥肉【结构切分】主句：One study found主语谓语around the abdomenin fluid intelligence.found的宾语从句Tbody fatf的后置定语a decline的后置定语that muscle loss and the accumulation of body fat are associated with a decline引导词主语被动态谓语宾语【全句译文】一项研究发现，肌肉流失及腹部周围的体脂堆积与流体智力的衰退有关。2This sug
8、gests the possibility that lifestyle factors might help prevent or delay this type of decline.【词汇注释】suggests3d3esty.显示：表明factorfaekta(r)n.因素：要素possibilitypDs3bilatin.可能性preventprivent.预防；防止lifestylelarfstarln.生话方式delaydrlerv.推迟2第四段1For women,the association may be attributable to changes in immunity
9、 that resulted from excessabdominal fat;in men,the immune system did not appear to be involved.【词汇注释】associationsaufiejnn.关联excesseksesa.过多的：超额的attributableotribjatabla.可归因于；可能由于appear to似乎；好像immunitymju:ntin.免疫力involvenvolv.牵涉；涉及【结构切分】分句1：changes in immunityFor women,the association may be attribut
10、able tochanges in immunity的定语从句that resulted from excess abdominal fat状语主语系动词表语状语引导词谓语宾语分句2：in men,the immune system did not appear to be involved.状语主语谓语【全句译文】对女性而言，这种联系或许可归因于腹部脂肪过多导致的免疫力变化：对男性而言，这种联系似乎并不涉及免疫系统。2It is hoped that future studies could explain these differences and perhaps lead to diff
11、erenttreatments for men and women.【词汇注释】explainIksplein.解释；阐明treatmenttri:tmantn.疗法【结构切分】主句：Itis hoped形式主语被动态谓语主语从句that future studies could explain these differences and perhaps lead to different treatments for men and womer引导词主语谓语1宾语1连词状语谓语2宾语2状语【全句译文】希望未来的研究可以解释这些差异，或许还能为男性和女性带来不同的疗法。第五段1Meanwhil
12、e,there are steps you can take to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean musclemass as you age in order to protect both your physical and mental wellbeing.【词汇注释】meanwhilemi:nwarlad.与此同时physicalfrzrkla.身体的reducerrdjus.减少mentalmentla.心理上的maintainmeinteIny.保持wellbeingwel bi:nn.健康massms.质量【结构切分】主句：
13、Meanwhile,there are stepssteps(that)you can taketake的to help reduce abdominal fat and状语her心be句型主语定语从句引导词主语谓语自的状语1maintain lean muscle mass定语从句嵌套的时间状语从句”take的目的状语2asyou agein order to protect both your引导词主语谓语physical and mental wellbeing.【全句译文】与此同时，你可以在年龄增长的过程中采取一些措施来帮助减少腹部脂肪，保持精瘦肌肉量，从而维护自己的身心健康。2The
14、 two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your level ofaerobic exercise and following a Mediterranean-style diet that is high in fiber and eliminateshighly processed foods.【词汇注释】recommendrek3mend.推荐dietdaitn.日常饮食approach3prautn.方法fiberfaba(r)n.(食物中的)纤维素aerobice3raubI
15、ka.有氧的eliminatelimineitv.消除：排除followfol3U.遵循processprauses.加工；处理Mediterranean,meditareiniana.地中海的【结构切分】主句：表语1maintaining or increasing your level of aerobic exerciseThe two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are主语系动词and following a Mediterranean-style diet表语2个a Mediterranean-stydi的定语从句that is h
16、igh in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.引导词谓语部分1连词谓语部分2【全句译文】两种强烈推荐的生活方式为：保持或提升你的有氧运动水平；遵循高纤维、避免摄人精加工食品的地中海风格饮食方式。Section IIReading ComprehensionPart AText 1火车票价一涨再涨，乘客终将忍无可忍第一段原文朗读词汇讲解之DHow can Britains train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?【词汇注释】o
17、peratorDpareIta(r)n.运营商；经营者yet another再一次；又一次justifyd3 AstrfaIy.为辩护railreln.铁路passengerp:esind3(r)n.乘客farefeo(r)n.(乘客支付的)公共交通费【结构切分】HowcanBritains train operators possibly justify yet another increaseto rail passenger fares?疑问词助动词主语状语谓语宾语another increase的后置定语【全句译文】英国火车运营商怎样才有可能证明这又一次的铁路客运提价正当合理？。2It
18、 has become a grimly reliable annual ritual:every January the cost of travelling by train rises,imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network toget to work or otherwise.【词汇注释】grimlygrimliad.毫不动摇地：坚定地significantsgnifikanta大量的；显著的reliablerrlarabla.真实可信的：可靠
19、的extra burden额外负担annualenjuala,每年的：一年一次的optionDpnn.选择ritual圈ri小ualn.惯例；例行公事or otherwise或相反：或其反面imposeImpaUz.把强加于；迫使【结构切分】分句1：Ithas becomea grimly reliable annual ritual:主语系动词表语分句2：every January the cost of travelling by trainrises,结果imposing a significant extra burden on those时间状语主语谓语状语thosel的定语从句wh
20、ohave no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise引导词谓语宾语目的状语【全句译文】这已成为雷打不变的年度惯例：每到一月，乘火车出行的费用就会上涨，给那些别无选择而只能利用铁路网上下班的人们带来大量额外负担。3This years rise,an average of 2.7 per cent,may be a fraction lower than last years,but it isstill well above the official Consumer Price Index CPI)me
21、asure of inflation.【词汇注释】averageevarid:3n.平均数Consumer Price Index居民消费价格指数：消费价fractionfrakfnn.少量：一点儿格指数well above远高于measureme3(r)n.衡量标准official3ija.官方的inflationnfleifnn,通货膨胀；通胀率【结构切分】分句1：This years rise.an average of 2.7 per cent,may bea fraction lowerthan last years,主语This years risef的同位语系动词表语比较状语分句2：butISstill well above l the official Consumer Price Index(CPD)measure ll of inflation.连词主语系动词表语【全句译文】今年（火车票价）的平均涨幅为2.7%，虽然可能略微低于去年，却仍远高于官方消费者