1、绝密启用前2001年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）(科目代码：201)考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名：在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚：涂写部分必须使用
2、2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,Cand D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a penci
3、l.(10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buyup people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press,Lord Irvine,the LordChancellor,will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments towi
4、tnesses4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given toa case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman,chairman of the House of Commons media selectcommittee,Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which saidthat self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of
5、 the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of mediaprotest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in Europeanlegislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill,which 13 theEuropean Convention on Human Rights leg
6、ally 14 in Britain,laid down thateverybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protectthemselves and their families.Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,he saidWitness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 lifesentences in 1995.Up to 19
7、 witnesses were 18 to have received payments fortelling their stories to newspapers.Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might beencouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.英语试题.1.（共14页)1.Aas toBfor instanceCin particularDsuch as2.AtighteningBintensifyingCfocusingDfastening3.A
8、sketchBroughCpreliminaryDdraft4.AillogicalBillegalCimprobableDimproper5.ApublicityBpenaltyCpopularityDpeculiarity6.AsinceBifCbeforeDas7.AsidedBsharedCcomplieDagreed8.ApresentBofferCmanifestDindicate9.AReleaseBPublicationCPrintingDExposure10.AstormBrageCflareDflash11.AtranslationBinterpretationCexhib
9、itionDemonstration12.Abetter thanBother thanCrather thanDsooner than13.AchangesBmakesCsetsDturns14.AbindingBconvincingCrestrainingDsustaining15.AauthorizedBcreditedCentitledDqualified16.AwithBtoCfromDby17.AimpactBincidentCinferenceDissue18.AstatedBremarkedCsaidDtold19.AwhatBwhenCwhichDthat20.Aassure
10、BconfideCensureDguaranteeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question thereare four answers marked A,B,Cand D.Read the passages carefully andchoose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer onANSWER S
11、HEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with apencil.(40 points)英语试题.2.（共14页)Text 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasingaccumulation of scientific knowledge.By splitting up the subject matter into smallerunits,one man could continue to handle
12、the information and use it as the basis forfurther research.But specialisation was only one of a series of related developmentsin science affecting the process of communication.Another was the growingprofessionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professiona
13、ls and amateurs inscience:exceptions can be found to any rule.Nevertheless,the wordamateurdoescarry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientificcommunity and,in particular,may not fully share its values.The growth ofspecialisation in the nineteenth century,with
14、 its consequent requirement of a longer,more complex training,implied greater problems for amateur participation in science.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on amathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of thedevelopment of geo
15、logy in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a halfreveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also achanging definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.Thus,in thenineteenth century,local geologica
16、l studies represented worthwhile research in theirown right;but,in the twentieth century,local studies have increasingly becomeacceptable to professionals only if they incorporate,and reflect on,the widergeological picture.Amateurs,on the other hand,have continued to pursue localstudies in the old w
17、ay.The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs,a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing,first by national journals in the nineteenthcentury and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth cent
18、ury.As alogical consequence of this development,separate journals have now appeared aimedmainly towards either professional or amateur readership.A rather similar process ofdifferentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally withinone or two specific societies,whereas the a
19、mateurs have tended either to remain inlocal societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already wellunder way in British geology during the nineteenth century,its full consequenceswere thus delayed until the twentiet
20、h century.In science generally,however,thenineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in thestructure of science.英语试题.3.（共14页)21.The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such asAsociology and chemistry.Bphysics and psycholog
21、y.Csociology and psychology.Dphysics and chemistry.22.We can infer from the passage thatAthere is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation.Bamateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science.Cprofessionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community.
22、Damateurs have national academic societies but no local ones.23.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrateAthe process of specialisation and professionalisation.Bthe hardship of amateurs in scientific study.Cthe change of policies in scientific publications.Dthe discrimination of professionals against amateurs.24.The direct reason for specialisation isAthe development in communication.Bthe growth of professionalisation.Cthe expansion of scientific knowledge.Dthe splitting up of academic societies.英语试题.4.（共14页)