1、2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型122 考研英语一考研英语一强化强化完形完形1.对立关系对立关系while、whereas、against、instead of、rather than、contrary to、on the contrary、by contrast、ignore、conversely、as、not.but、unlike例例 1：12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion ofthe newstates,some sought to end the 14 of other f
2、aiths.（2007 年）12.A sinceB IfC UnlessD While例例 2：The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry20thewoman must wait ten months.（2016 年）20.A.whileB.so thatC.onceD.in that2.转折关系转折关系but、however、yet、unfortunately、otherwise、nevertheless.例例 1：They also suffer more often than most peop
3、le from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14,have previously been thought unrelated.（2008 年）14.A moreoverB thereforeC howeverD meanwhile例例 2：2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型2Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice 19up:The divorced maledoesnt have a waiting period b
4、efore he can remarry while the woman must wait tenmonths.（2016 年）19.AbreaksBwarmsCshowsDclears例例 3：Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it isreleased into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.（2017 年）19.A emerges
5、B vanishesC remainsD decreases20.A experiencesB combinesC justifiesDinfluences3.让步关系让步关系although、though、even though、even、despite、in spite of、even if例例 1：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminalact,40a direct causal relationship has not yet been establish
6、ed.（2004 年）40.A providedB sinceC althoughD supposing例例 2：In fact,5,We are extremely sensitive to smells,6we do not generallyrealize it.（2005 年）5.A anywayB thoughC insteadD therefore2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型36.Aeven ifB if onlyC insteadD therefore例例 3：He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not4 t
7、hought to have a bacterialcause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was firstsuggested.5he,however,might tremble at the6of what he is about to do.(2008 年）5.A OnlyB SoC EvenD Hence例例 4:Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise preciousto heal
8、th.But1some claims to the contrary,chuckling probably has littleinfluence on physical fitness.(2011 年）1.AamongBexceptCdespiteDlike4.总分关系总分关系for example、for instance、such as、including.例例 1：The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors19for unfamiliar and emergencysignals20the smell of smoke,which m
9、ight indicate the danger of fire.（2005年）20.A similar toB such asC along withD aside from例例 2：when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型4and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day13thestreet.（2006 年）12.Alodg
10、ingBshelterCdwellingDhouse13.AsearchingBstrollingCcrowdingDwandering5.因果关系因果关系原因词原因词:because、in that、nowthat、since、as、for、as a result of、considering结果词结果词:so that，such that、as a result、lead to、consequently、therefore、hence、thus、so例例 1：Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage
11、in criminalbehavior2they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or thatthey have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others.（2004 年）2.A beforeB unlessC untilD because例例 2：.health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“thebonding hormone”18it
12、 promotes attachment in relationships,including thatbetween mother and their newborn babies.（2017 年）18 A becauseB unlessC thoughD until6.并列：并列：and、or、also、as well as、like、likewise、similarly、equally、simultaneously、2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型5meanwhile、either.or、neither.nor、that is to say例例 1：The explanation
13、for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep allsmell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not needto be.（2005 年）16.A stillB alsoC otherwiseD nevertheless例例 2：Co
14、uld a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1helping you feel close and _2_ to people you care about.（2017 年）2.A connectedB restrictedC equalD inferior套题：套题：2014 年年As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memory andmental clarity are not what t
15、hey used to be.We suddenly cant remember1we putthe keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintances name,or the name of an oldband we used to love.As the brain2,we refer to these occurrences as“seniormoments.”3seemingly innocent,this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n)4impact on our profess
16、ional,social,and personal5.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasingly showingthat theres actually a lot that can be done.It6out that the brain needs exercise inmuch the same way our muscles do,and the right mental7can significantlyimprove our basic cognitive 8.Thinking is
17、essentially a9of making connectionsin the brain.To a certain extent,our ability to10in making the connections thatdrive intelligence is inherited.11,because these connections are made through2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型6effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate12mental
18、 effort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step13and developed thefirst“brain training program”designed to actually help people improve and regaintheir mental14.The Web-based program15you to systematically improve your memory andattention skills.The program keeps16of your progress and provid
19、es detailedfeedback17 your performance and improvement.Most importantly,it18modifies and enhances the games you play to19on the strengths you aredevelopingmuch like a(n)20exercise routine requires you to increase resistanceand vary your muscle use.1.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhy2.AimprovesBfadesCrecoversDcol
20、lapses3.AIfBUnlessCOnceDWhile4.AunevenBlimitedCdamagingDobscure5.AwellbeingBenvironment CrelationshipDoutlook6.AturnsBfindsCpointsDfigures7.AroundaboutsBresponsesCworkoutsDassociations8.AgenreBfunctionsCcircumstancesDcriterion9.AchannelBconditionCsequenceDprocess10.ApersistBbelieveCexcelDfeature11.A
21、ThereforeBMoreoverCOtherwiseDHowever12.Aaccording toBregardless of Capart fromDinstead of13.AbackBfurtherCasideDaround14.AsharpnessBstabilityCframeworkDflexibility15.AforcesBremindsChurriesDallows16.AholdBtrackCorderDpace17.AtoBwithCforDon18.AirregularlyBhabituallyCconstantlyDunusually2022 考研英语一强化课程
22、完形新题型719.AcarryBputCbuildDtake20.AriskyBeffectiveCidleDfamiliar22 考研英语一考研英语一强化强化新题型新题型2010 年年AThe first and more important is the consumers growing preference for eating out;the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35
23、 percent in 2000 and is expected toapproach 38 percent by 2005.This development is boosting wholesale demand fromthe food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe,compared withgrowth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.Meanwhile,as the recession is loominglarge,people are getting anxiou
24、s.They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purseand consider eating at home a realistic alternative.BRetail sales of food and drink in Europes largest markets are at a standstill,leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.Most leadingretailers have already tried e-commerce,
25、with limited success,and expansion abroad.But almost all have ignored the big,profitable opportunity in their own backyard:thewholesale food and drink trade,which appears to be just the kind ofmarket retailersneed.CWill such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food anddri
26、nk market?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is based on flexible trendsdominated by potential buyers.In other words,it is up to the buyer,rather than theseller,to decide what to buy.At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed byan ever-growing number of both domestic and internat
27、ional consumers,regardless ofhow long the current consumer pattern will take hold.2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型8DAll in all,this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitablyapply their scale,existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management ofproduct ranges,logistics,and mark
28、eting intelligence.Retailers that master theintricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profitsthereby.At least,that is how it looks as a whole.Closer inspection reveals importantdifferences among the biggest national markets,especially in their customer segmentsand w
29、holesale structures,as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food anddrink categories.Big retailers must understand these differences before they canidentify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilitiesmight unseat smaller but entrenched competitors.New skills an
30、d unfamiliar businessmodels are needed too.EDespite variations in detail,wholesale markets in the countries that have beenclosely examinedFrance,Germany,Italy,and Spainare made out of the samebuilding blocks.Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent mom-and-popgrocery stores which,unlike larg
31、e retail chains,are two small to buy straight fromproducers,and food service operators that cater to consumers when they dont eat athome.Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutionalcatering ventures,but most of these businesses are known in the trade as“horeca”：hotels
32、,restaurants,and cafes.Overall,Europes wholesale market for food and drinkis growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market,but the figures,when addedtogether,mask two opposing trends.FFor example,wholesale food and drink sales come to268 billion in France,Germany,Italy,Spain,and the United
33、Kingdom in 2000more than 40 percent ofretail sales.Moreover,average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail;wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeanseat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmentedindustry are at la
34、st making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型9GHowever,none of these requirements should deter large retailers(and even somelarge good producers and existing wholesalers)from trying their hand,for those thatmaster the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap cons
35、iderable gains.41 424344E452011 年年A No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as thehumanities.You can,Mr.Menand points out,became a lawyer in three years and amedical doctor in four.But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in thehumanities is nine years.Not
36、 surprisingly,up to half of all doctoralstudents in English drop out before getting their degrees.B His concern is mainly with the humanities:Literature,languages,philosophy andso on.These are disciplines that are going out of style:22%of American collegegraduates now major in business compared with
37、 only 2%in history and 4%in English.However,many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have agrounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses.Butmost find it difficult to agree on what a“general education”should look like.AtHarvard,Mr.Menand notes,“
38、the great books are read because they have beenread”-they form a sort of social glue.C Equally unsurprisingly,only about half end up with professorships for which theyentered graduate school.There are simply too few posts.This is partly becauseuniversities continue to produce ever more PhDs.But fewe
39、r students want to studyhumanities subjects:English departments awarded more bachelors degrees in1970-71 than they did 20 years later.Fewer students require fewer teachers.So,at theend of a decade of thesis-writing,many humanities students leave the profession to do2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型10something for
40、 which they have not been trained.D One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut acrossthe insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professionaleducation should be kept separate,taught in different schools.Many studentsexperience both var
41、ieties.Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end upin law,medicine or business,future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialistliberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.E Besides professionalising the professions by this separation,top Americanuniversitie
42、s have professionalised the professor.The growth in public money foracademic research has speeded the process:federal research grants rose fourfoldbetween 1960 and 1990,but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll.Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree i
43、nto a prerequisite fora successful academic career:as late as 1969 a third of American professors did notpossess one.But the key idea behind professionalisation,argues Mr.Menand,is that“the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialisation are transmissible butnot transferable.”So discipli
44、nes acquire a monopoly not just over the production ofknowledge,but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.F The key to reforming higher education,concludes Mr.Menand,is to alter the wayin which“the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise,academics willcontinue to think danger
45、ously alike,increasingly detached from the societies whichthey study,investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry,at least in some fields,mayneed to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens,Mr.Menand does not say.G The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace o
46、f Ideas:Reform andResistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型11applying to take a doctoral degree.They may then decide to go elsewhere.Forsomething curious has been happening in American universities,and Louis Menand,aprofessor of English at H
47、arvard University,captured it skillfully.41.42.E 43.44.45.2016 年年ACreate a new image of yourselfBDecide if the time is rightCHave confidence in yourselfDUnderstand the contextEWork with professionalsFKnow your goalsGMake it efficient41.As an executive coach,Ive seen image upgrades be particularly he
48、lpful duringtransitions-when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,orchanging work environments.If youre in a period of change or just feeling stuck andin a rut,now may be a good time.If youre not sure,ask for honest feedback fromtrusted friends,colleagues and professionals.L
49、ook for cues about how others perceiveyou.Maybe theres no need for an upgrade and thats OK.42.Get clear on what impact youre hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh yourimage or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously andenhance their professional image.For another,it ma
50、y be to be perceived as moreapproachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance toadvertising,maybe they want to look more“SoHo”.(Its OK to use characterizationslike that.)2022 考研英语一强化课程完形新题型1243.Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms ofyour envir