1、绝密启用前英语（二）英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.
2、考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2010 年全国硕士研究生招生考试关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Directions:Section I Use of English Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was dec
3、lared a global epidemic on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic _1_ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _2_ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising 3 in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhe
4、re.But the epidemic is _4_ m severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organizations director general,5 the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the _ 6_ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global _7_ in late April 2009,when Mexican a
5、uthorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths 8 healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to_ 9 _ in New York City,the southwestem United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade 10 warmer weather
6、 arrived.But in late September 2009,officials reported there was 11 flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the 12 tested are the new swine flu,also known as(A)HlNl,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has 13 more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,0
7、00 hospitalizations.Federal health officials 14 Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began 15 orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is_16_ ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made
8、 available in early October 2009,though most of those 17 doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not 18 for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other 19.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups:health
9、care workers,people 20 infants and healthy young people.-1-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料1.A criticized2.A proceeded3.A digits4.A moderate5.A with6.A progress7.A reality8.A over9.A stay up10.A as11.A excessive12.A categories13.A imparted14.A released15.A placing16.A feasible17.A prevalent18.A presented19.A pro
10、blems20.A involved inPart A Directions:B appointedC commentedD designatedB activatedC followedD promptedB numbersC amountsD sumsB normalC unusualD extremeB inC fromD byB absenceC presenceD favorB phenomenonC conceptD noticeB forC amongD toB crop upC fill upD cover upB ifC unlessD untilB enormousC si
11、gnificantD magnificentB examplesC patternsD samplesB immersedC injectedD infectedB relayedC relievedD remainedB deliveringC takingD givingB availableC reliableD applicableB principalC innovativeD initialB restrictedC recommendedD introducedB issuesC agoniesD sufferingsB caring forC concerned withD w
12、arding offSection II Reading Comprehension Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)-2-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text 1 The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale
13、 of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever,at Sothebys in London on September 15th 2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than 70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer called out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,
14、Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economics,a research firm-double the figure five years earlier.Since th
15、en it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy m a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr.Hirsts sale,spending of any sort became de
16、eply unfashionable.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses,Sothebys and C
17、hristies,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average
18、,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christies chief executive,says:Im pretty confident were at the bottom.What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that t
19、he biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell.The three Ds-death,debt and divorce-still deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.-3-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料21.In the first paragraph,
20、Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as a last victorybecause-A the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsCBeautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD it was successfully made just before the world financial cri
21、sis22.By saying spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that _ _A collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to
22、 a great extentD works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C The art market generally went
23、downward in various ways.D Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _ _ A auction houses favoritesB contemporary trendsC factors promoting artwork circulationD styles representing Impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this te
24、xt could be _ _A Fluctuation of Art PricesB Up-to-date Art AuctionsC Art Market in DeclineD Shifted Interest in Arts-4-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room-a womens group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening,one man had be
25、en particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and sa
26、id,Shes the talker in our family.The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt.Its true,he explained.When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didnt keep the conversation going,wed spend the whole evening in silence.This episode crystallizes the irony that although Ameri
27、can men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most
28、 of the women she interviewed-but only a few of the men-gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research,compl
29、aints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his,or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning,cooking and social arrangements.Instead,they focused on commun
30、ication:He doesnt listen to me.He doesnt talk to me.I found,as Hacker observed years before,that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost,conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the st
31、ereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.-5-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料26.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?A Talking to them.B Trusting them.C Supporting their c
32、areers.D Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase wreaking havoc(Line 3,Para.2)mostprobably means _ _ _A generating motivationB exerting influenceC causing damageD creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT _ _ _A men tend to talk more in public than womenB nearly 50 pe
33、rcent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC women attach much importance to communication between couplesD a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A The moral decaying deserves more research by
34、 sociologists.B Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probablyfocus on _ _ Aa vivid accoun
35、t of the new book Divorce TalkB a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker-6-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text3 Over the past decade,many compames had perfected the art of creati
36、ng automatic behaviors-habits-among consumers.These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands inste
37、ad of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to change peoples habits,said Dr.Curtis,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine.We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.The c
38、ompanies that Dr.Curtis turned to-Procter&Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever-had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,youll find that many of the products we use every day-
39、chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitamins-are results of manufacturedhabits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health
40、 campaigns,many Americanshabitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often withColgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didnt drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now o
41、ffice workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brush
42、ing and putting on makeup.Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.Creating positive habits is a huge part of
43、improving our consumers lives,and its essential to making new products commercially viable.Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.As this new science of habit has
44、emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.-7-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap _ _ A should be further cultivatedB should be changed graduallyC are deeply rooted in historyD a
45、re basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gum and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5so as to-A reveal their impact on peoples habitsB show the urgent need of daily necessitiesC indicate their effect on peoples buying powerD manifest the significant role of good habits33.Which
46、 of the following does NOT belong to products that help create peopleshabits?A Tide.B Crest.C Colgate.D Unilever.34.From the text we know that some of consumers habits are developed due to _ _ A perfected art of productsB automatic behavior creationC commercial promotionsD scientific experiments35.T
47、he authors attitude toward the influence of advertisement on peoples habits isA indifferentB negativeC positiveD biased-8-关注公众号【考研题库】保存更多高清资料Text4 Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete express10n of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal q
48、ualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are
49、 entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves
50、,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1968,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Cou