1、绝 密启用 前2023年全国硕 士研 究 生 招生 考 试英 语（一）（科 目 代码：201）考生注意事项女1.答 题 前，考 生 须 在试 题 册指定位置 上填写考 生 编 号和考 生 姓名；在答 题 卡 指定位置 上填写报考 单位、考 生 姓名和考 生 编 号，并涂写考 生 编 号信息点。2.考 生 须 把试 题 册上的“试 卷条形码”粘 贴 条取下，粘 贴 在答 题 卡的“试 卷 条形码 粘 贴 位置”框中。不按规 定粘 贴 条形码 而 影响评 卷结 果的，责 任由 考 生 自 负。3.选 择题 的 答 案必须 涂写在答 题 卡相 应题 号的 选 项 上，非 选 择题 的 答 案必须 书
2、写在答 题 卡指定位置 的 边 框区域内。超 出答 题 区域书写的 答 案无效；在 草 稿 纸、试 题 册上答 题 无效。4.填（书）写部 分必须 使用 黑 色 字迹 签 字笔 书写，字迹 工整、笔 迹 清楚；涂 写部 分必须 使用2B铅 笔 填涂。5.考 试 结 束，将答 题 卡和试 题 册按规 定交回。（以下信息考 生 必须 认 真 填写）考 生 编 号 考 生 姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mar
3、k A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas including China,North Africa and the Middle East.They were typically outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments or 2This word Caravanserais is
4、a 3 of the Persian word karvan,which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace or enclosed building.The term caravan was used to 4 groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons,5merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards,a
5、s merchant and travel routes became more developed,the 6 of the caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night.Travellers on the Silk Road 7 possibility of being attacked by thieves or being 8 to extreme weather conditions.For this reason,caravanserais were strat
6、egically placed 9 they could be reached in a days travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal 10 point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road.11,these structures became important centers for cultural 12 and interaction,with travellers sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,13 takin
7、g knowledge with them,greatly 14 the development of several civilisations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and 15 in the trade of goods along the Silk Road.16,it was frequently the first stop for merchants looking to sell their wares and 17 supplies for their own jour
8、neys.It is 18 that around 12,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,19 only about 3,000 are known to remain today,many of which are in 20.英 语（一）试 题.1.（共15页）1.A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped2.A.privatelyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently3.A.definitionB.transitionC.sub
9、stitutionD.combination4.A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect5.A.apart fromB.instead ofC.such asD.along with6.A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation7.A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced8.A.assignedB.subjectedC.accustomedD.opposed9.A.so thatB.even ifC.now thatD.in case10.A.talkingB.start
10、ingC.breakingD.meeting11.A.By the wayB.On occasionC.In comparisonD.As a result12.A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status13.A.with regard toB.in spite ofC.as well asD.in line with14.A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering15.A.aidedB.investedC.failedD.competed16.A.RatherB.IndeedC.OtherwiseD.Howe
11、ver17.A.go in forB.stand up forC.close in onD.stock up on18.A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied19.A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although20.A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.seriesSection U Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosingA,B,
12、C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英 语（一）试 题.2.（共15页）Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat,but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas s
13、chools.Pat Hardy,who sympathises with the views of the energy sector,is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils.These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.Most scientists and experts sharply
14、 dispute Hardys views.They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.says Dan Quinn,senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network,a non-profit group that monitors public education.What millions of Texas kids learn in their public sc
15、hools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members,rather than facts and sound scholarship.Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world,as researchers,policymakers,teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about
16、 the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education,a nonprofit group of scientists and teachers,looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes,gave barely half of US states a grade B+or higher.Among
17、 the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states,including Texas,which was given the lowest grade(F)and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centres deputy director,cautions that setting state-level science standards is only
18、one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards.Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards,that does not mean it will be taughtn,he says.Another issue is that,while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ag
19、essuch as earth and space sciences in high schoolsit is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught.such as biology and chemistry.It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that,even if a growing number of offi
20、cial guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change,unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.英 语（一）试 题.3.（共15页）21.In P
21、aragraph 1,the weather in Texas is mentioned to.A.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools tcB.stress the consequences of climate changeC.indicate the atmosphere at the board meetingD.draw the publics attention to energy shortages22.What does Quinn think of Hardy?A.She exaggerates the existing panic
22、.B.She denies the value of scientific work.C.She shows no concern for pre-teens.D.She expresses self-contradictory views.23.The study mentioned in Paragraph 5 shows that.A.climate education is insufficient at state public schoolsB.policymakers have little drive for science educationC.Texas is reluct
23、ant to rewrite its science textbooksD.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the US.A.call for regular revisionB.require urgent applicationC.have limited influenceD.cater to local needs25.It is implied in the last paragraph that
24、 climate change teaching in some schools.A.agrees to major public demandsB.reflects teachers personal biasesC.may misrepresent the energy sectorD.can be swayed by external forces英 语（一）试 题.4.（共15页）Text 2Communities throughout New England have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites
25、 like Airbnb took off in the 2010s.Now,with record-high home prices and historically low inventory,there*s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New
26、 Hampshire,where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market.The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that wouldve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restrictin
27、g short-term rentals.We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,M said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns,u employers are having a hard time attracting employees,and
28、 workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,Taylor said.However,short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists,pointed out Ryan Castle,CEO of a local association of realtor.A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry,and the tourism industry is serviced by those people comi
29、ng in short term,M Castle said,and so its a cyclical effect.Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue,said Keren Hom,an expert on affordable housing policy.I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing.If its their vacation home anyway,and its just em
30、pty,why cant you make money off it?Hom said.Issues arise,however,when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilitiesde facto hotelsto bypass taxes and regulations.I think the question is,shouldnt a developer whos really building a hotel,but disguising it as not a hotel,be trea
31、ted and taxed and regulated like a hotel?Hom said.At the end of 2018,Governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers.The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance,and opens the potential for local taxes o
32、n top of a new state levy.Boston took things even further,requiring renters to register with the citys Inspectional Services Department.Hom said similar registration requirements could benefit struggling cities and towns,but if we want to make a change in the housing market,the main one is we have t
33、o build a lot more.”英 语（一）试 题.5.（共15页）26.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was
34、 intended toA.curb short-term rental speculationB.ensure the supply of cheap housingC.punish illegal dealings in housingD.allow a free short-term rental market28.Compared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourismB.an increase in affordable housingC.strict mana
35、gement of real estate agentsD.a favorable policy for short-term workers29.What does Hom emphasize in Paragraph 5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures f
36、or renting out spare houses.30.Hom holds that imposing registration requirements is A.an irrational decisionB.an unfeasible proposalC.an unnecessary measureD.an inadequate solution英 语（一）试 题.6.（共15页）Text 3If youre heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones,the biggest book retailer in the UK,in s
37、earch of the Duchess of Sussexs new childrens book The Bench,you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit；the same may be true of The Presidents Daughter,the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson.Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House(PRH),a company curr
38、ently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year,when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones at a very significant levelM.The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from
39、prominent areas such as tables,display spaces and windows,and were quietly retiring them to their relevant sections v.PRH declined to comment on the issue,but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me：u Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH,the only publisher in the UK
40、to place any limitations on our ability to trade.We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock.We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be a
41、llowed to buy appropriately.Certainly,our shops are exceptionally busy.The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.In the meantime,PRH authors have been the losers.Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit,but its those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstones staffs
42、 passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher,Simon&Schusterthe reduction in the number of unaligned UK publish
43、ers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars,lower advances,and more conformity in terms of what is published.This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers,publishers conso
44、lidating to deal with Amazon,M says Lownie.u The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact,choice and different voices.After all,many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from sm
45、all publishers.We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.英 语（一）试 题.7.（共15页）31.The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present.A.an ongoing conflictB.an intellectual conceptC.a prevailing sentimentD.a literary
46、 phenomenon32.Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A.To make them easily noticeable.B.To comply with PRHs requirement.C.To respond to PRHs business move.D.To arrange them in a systematic way.33.What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?A.Their
47、 customers remain loyal.B.The credit limit will be removed.J tC.Their stock is underestimated.D.The book market is rather slack.34.What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A.Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.B.Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of critici
48、sm.C.Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors books.D.Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownies view?r A.Small publishers ought to stick together.B.Big publishers will lose their dominance.C.The publishing ind
49、ustry is having a hard time.D.The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.英 语（一）试 题.8.（共15页）Text 4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research.Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals.The scientific community measures the quality of those pape
50、rs in a number of ways,including the perceived quality of the journal(as reflected by the titles impact factor)and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates.The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce,but