1、专用专用 河南 中中 考考 英英 语语 2022 第二局部第二局部 语法专题过关语法专题过关 专题十 语态 PART 02 考点帮 考点1 被动语态的构成 考点2 被动语态的用法 考点3 主动语态变为被动语态 考点1 考点帮考点帮 被动语态的构成 考点2 考点3 时态时态 被动语态被动语态 示例示例 一般现 在时 am/is/are+过去分词 Shoes are made by them in that factory.鞋子是由他们在那家工厂制造的。一般过 去时 was/were+过去分词 The classroom was cleaned by us just now.教室刚才被我们打扫过了
2、。一般将 来时will/be going to be+过去分 The work will be finished by them next Friday.这项工作将在下周五由他们完 考点1 考点帮考点帮 被动语态的构成 考点2 考点3 时态时态 被动语态被动语态 示例示例 现在进 行时 am/is/are being+过去分词 The walls are being painted by some workers now.一些工人现在正在粉刷墙面。过去进 行时 was/were being+过去分词 The flowers were being watered by her in the ya
3、rd at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候她正在院子里浇花。现在完 成时have/has been+A model plane has been made by me.一 考点1 考点帮考点帮 被动语态的构成 考点2 考点3 含情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词。如:Factories must be prevented from pouring polluted water into rivers and lakes.必须阻止工厂向河流和湖泊排放污水。2022荆州中考 考点1 考点帮考点帮 被动语态的用法 考点2 考点3 1.当强调动作的承受者时,如:
4、The cup was broken by David.这个杯子是被戴维打碎的。2.当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,如:The watch is made of gold.这块手表是用金子做的。Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year.每年有许多人死于交通事故。考点1 考点帮考点帮 被动语态的用法 考点2 考点3 3.当动作的执行者是物而不是人时,如:Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。4.作客观说明时,常用Its said/reported+that
5、.结构。如:Its said that the first chopsticks were used in China 5,000 years ago.据说,五千年前,第一双筷子在中国被使用。2022哈尔滨中考 考点1 考点帮考点帮 主动语态变为被动语态 考点2 考点3 变化规那么:主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;假设宾语为人称代词,要将宾格变为主格;及物动词由主动形式变为被动形式;将主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语,并由by引导。1.主语+及物动词+宾语 Lu Xun wrote the book.The book was written by Lu Xun.鲁迅写了这本书。考点1 考点帮
6、考点帮 主动语态变为被动语态 考点2 考点3 2.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I saw some children flying kites in the park.Some children were seen by me flying kites in the park.我看到一些孩子在公园里放风筝。变化规那么:宾语补足语保存在原处,其他成分的变化同主语+及物动词+宾语的变化规那么。考点1 考点帮考点帮 主动语态变为被动语态 考点2 考点3 变化规那么:带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,可以选择将其中任意一个宾语转化成主语。直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,要在间接宾语前加介词to/for;
7、间接宾语作主语时无须加介词。3.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 Jack bought me a present.杰克给我买了件礼物。I was bought a present by Jack.(间接宾语作主语)A present was bought for me by Jack.(直接宾语作主语)考点1 考点帮考点帮 主动语态变为被动语态 考点2 考点3 4.主语+短语动词+宾语 I worked out a plan.A plan was worked out by me.我制订了一个方案。注:短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,由主动句变为被动句时不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。考点1 考点
8、帮考点帮 主动语态变为被动语态 考点2 考点3 提分速记提分速记 主动语态表示被动意义的情况:(1)某些系动词(look,taste,smell,sound等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如:The soup smells good.这汤闻起来很香。(2)write,open,sell,read等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:The storybook sells well.这本故事书卖得很好。(3)某些表示发生,爆发的不及物动词或短语,可用主动语 考点1 考点帮考点帮 主动语态变为被动语态 考点2 考点3 态表示被动意义。如:The earthquake happened at nine last night.昨天晚上九点发生了地震。(4)某些表示需要的动词,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:The washing machine needs/requires repairing.=The washing machine needs/requires to be repaired.这台洗衣机该修理了。(5)sth.be worth doing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。