1、Unit 2 Working the land Part Grammar&Writing 单元单元语法语法解析解析 Grammar动词-ing 形式作主语和宾语 一、基本用法 动词-ing 形式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其基本形式如下：Being exposed to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin.暴露在太阳下太长的时间会伤害你的皮肤。He enjoys walking in the field in a summer morning.他喜欢在夏日的早上在田间漫步。名师点津(1)非谓语动词-ing 形
2、式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词-ing 形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。(2)非谓语动词-ing 形式若与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，需用被动语态；而不及物动词的非谓语形式无被动语态，但可有完成形式。(3)非谓语动词-ing 形式的否定式通常是在其前加 not，带有逻辑主语时 not 应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing 形式之间。即学即用 写出下列句中的动词-ing(短语)所充当的成分 Playing with fire is dangerous._ Would you mind opening the window？_ Having finished his pa
3、per，he handed it to his tutor._ When he walked past the playground，he saw some boys playing football happily._ 单句改错 Excuse me for not my coming on time._ Im sorry for having not kept my promise._ 答案 主语 宾语 状语 宾语补足语 not mymy not having notnot having 1动词-ing 形式作主语(1)动词-ing 形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数
4、形式 Laughing often will benefit you a lot.笑口常开好处多多。Having lived abroad for a long time makes him homesick.在国外生活了很久令他想家。名师点津 意义不同的两个动词-ing 形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。Writing and reading are her two hobbies.写文章及读书是她的两个爱好。(2)形式主语 it 代替动词-ing 形式作主语 It isadj.doing sth.It is/feels funny doing sth.做某事(感觉)很滑稽 It is
5、 useless doing sth.做某事无用 Its worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的 It is a waste ofn.doing sth.Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间 It is non.doing sth.Its no good/no use/no fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思 There benodoing(joking/knowing.)It is useless making such efforts.做这样的努力是没用的。It is a waste of time doing
6、such work.做这样的工作是浪费时间。It is no good saying such words.说那样的话没有好处。There is no knowing how the project will be carried out.不知道这个工程将如何实施。即学即用 单句语法填空 It is a waste of time_(try)to persuade him to give up smoking._is worthwhile reading/to read such a wonderful novel.Its no use_(complain)without taking act
7、ion.There is no_(deny)that the environment is from bad to worse.完成句子 _is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。_is the same as killing him for his property.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。答案 trying It complaining denying Reading aloud Wasting a persons time 2动词-ing 形式作宾语(1)在 admit，avoid，consider(考虑)，enjoy，e
8、scape，excuse，finish，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，delay，appreciate等动词之后只能用动词-ing 形式作宾语，不能用不定式 He finally admitted having made such a mistake.他终于承认犯了那样的错误。The little girl practises playing the piano every day.女孩每天练习弹钢琴。(2)在动词短语 give up，feel like，put off，get to(着手)，object to，look forward to，devot
9、e oneself to，cant help(禁不住)，cant bear/stand 等之后用动词-ing 形式作宾语 Im looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望着收到你的来信。He devotes himself to looking into the matter.他致力于调查这起事件的真相。联想发散 接动词-ing 作宾语的及物动词(短语)：建议考虑坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)允许想象弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk)阻止抵抗否逃脱(pr
10、event，resist，deny，escape)不禁介意保持完(cant help，mind，keep，finish)耽误推迟求原谅(delay，put off，require，forgive，excuse)承认错过欣喜欢(admit，miss，appreciate，enjoy)即学即用 单句语法填空 I often practise_(listen)and_(speak)The boy was lucky to escape_(punish)完成句子 It is useful for someone who is trying to give up_.这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。I
11、have never dreamed of_.我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。Its quite hot today.Do you feel like_？今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？答案 listening；speaking being punished smoking visiting that place going for a swim 二、动词-ing 形式作宾语时，需要注意的问题 1某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用 动词-ing 作宾语(1)动词 begin，start，continue 等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词-ing 作宾语，意义基本相同 They continued
12、reading/to read.他们继续朗读。(2)动词 love，like，hate，prefer 等后可跟动词-ing 和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作 I hate walking in such a rainy day.(习惯)我不喜欢在这样的雨天里散步。I hate to trouble you.(动作)我真不愿麻烦你。(3)一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事go on to do sth.接着做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do
13、 sth.停下来去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事try to do sth.试图做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记住要做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.很遗憾要做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事 I remembered locking the door.(记得事情做了)我记得锁门了。When you leave
14、the house，please remember to lock the door.(记着去做)离开家时，记着锁门。(4)在 need，want，require，demand，deserve 等后用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动，need/want/require/demand/deserve doingneed/want/require/demand/deserve to be done The cottage needs repairing.The cottage needs to be repaired.这所农舍需要修理。The letter demands answering at
15、once.The letter demands to be answered at once.需要立刻回复这封信。即学即用 单句语法填空 He likes_but he doesnt like_this afternoon.(swim)He usually prefers staying in the house when it rains，but this time he prefers_(go)out.单句改错 I mean to changing it for another one._ I remembered locking the door before I left the of
16、fice，but forgot turning off the lights._ 一句多译 这位员工值得表扬。(deserve)_ _ 这个窗户需要清扫了。_ _ 答案 swimming；to swim to go changingchange lockingto lock；turningto turn The worker deserved praising.The worker deserved to be praised.The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.2动词-ing 形式作宾语时，省掉介词的情况 Tom often spends some time(in)helping the disabled.汤姆经常花时间帮助残疾人。I am busy(in)finishing my homework.我忙于完成我的作业。Last summer holiday,I had a good time(in)traveling.去年暑假去旅行，我过得很高兴