1、艾滋病艾滋病 AIDS/HIV Contents AIDS(definition,infections,treatment,prevention)AIDS in the World AIDS in China Discussion Added materials AIDS What is AIDS？How is it caught？Treatment Prevention Definition-AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)(获得性免疫缺陷综合症)is a disease caused by a virus called HIV(Human
2、Immunodeficiency Virus)(人类免疫缺陷病毒).It attacks the immune system,your bodys main defense against disease.AIDS is the final and most serious stage of the HIV disease.Infections People do not get HIV from everyday meetings with infected people at school or other places.HIV cannot be spread by touching a
3、 person or touching clothes,telephones,dishes,door handles or toilet seats,by playing sports or by mosquitoes(蚊子).A person cant catch HIV through casual contact such as hugs,kisses,or handshakes.HIV is caught in two main ways:By having sex with a person who is HIV positive,or by sharing a needle wit
4、h a person who has HIV.Heroin has fueled a sharp rise in drug use and encouraged the sharing of needles that helps to spread AIDS.A baby can be born infected with HIV if the mother has the virus.It is also possible to be infected with HIV through blood transfusions.细菌(肺结核,伤寒)病毒(HIV,肝炎,SARS,流感，)HIV侵入
5、一个细胞侵入一个细胞 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV：人类免疫缺陷损病毒人类免疫缺陷损病毒 AIDS：获得性免疫缺陷综合症：获得性免疫缺陷综合症 细胞l HIV l细胞 Treatment There is no cure for AIDS at the moment.People who become infected with HIV may look or feel healthy for up to 10 years,but they can still pass the infe
6、ction on to others.The virus slowly attacks the bodys immune system until it can no longer fight off deadly illnesses.Researchers are working to develop medicine to prevent AIDS or a drug to cure it.And new treatments are beginning to increase the length of time people with AIDS can live.Doctor He D
7、ayi found that the therapeutic combination(cocktail therapy)of a variety of anti-HIV drugs has a remarkable effect on AIDS.何大一何大一 抗逆转录病毒药物的分类 三类药物可用来治疗HIV 逆转录酶抑制剂逆转录酶抑制剂 融合酶抑制剂融合酶抑制剂 zidovudine enfuvirtide nevirapine stavudine delavirdine lamivudine efavirenz zalcitabine didanosine abacavir Emtricit
8、abine Nucleotide tenofovir 蛋白酶抑制剂蛋白酶抑制剂 amprenavir indinavir saquinavir nelfinavir ritonavir lopinavir atazanavir Prevention Prevention of AIDS requires foresight and self-control.Government should issue some laws and regulations to prevent it.People,especially young people,must not:have sexual cont
9、act with people known or thought to be infected with AIDS,or with people who use drugs.Young people are becoming more at risk to HIV and AIDS because they are becoming more sexually active and at a much earlier age.It is important to provide sex education for young people in China.Do not use intrave
10、nous drugs(静脉注射毒品).They can eliminate drug use,drug-related risk behaviors such as needle sharing,unsafe sexual practices,and,in turn,the risk of exposure to HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases.Drug abuse prevention and treatment are highly effective in preventing the spread of HIV.AIDS in the Wo
11、rld First reported in 1981,HIV infection is now a worldwide epidemic,affecting nearly 40 million.Around the world,10.3 million people aged 15 to 24 are living with HIV or AIDS,according to UNAIDS(联合国艾滋病规划署).HIV/AIDS is the greatest threat of mankind today and the greatest weapon of mass destruction
12、on the earth.All of society must work together to beat this problem.AIDS in China HIV/AIDS is beginning to spread from particular groups in China to the general population.Sites of Surveillance(监测系统 TIBET QINGHAI GANSU NEIMENGGU HEILONGJIANG LIAONING GUIZHOU GUANGXI GUANGDONG HAINAN HUNAN JIANGXI FU
13、JIAN TAIWAN ZHEJIANG JIANGSU SHANGHAI SHANDONG SHAANXI SHANXI NINGXIA XINJIANG SICHUAN HUBEI HENAN ANHUI YUNNAN HEBEI BEIJING HONG KONG MACAO STD patients STD patients sex workerssex workers drug usersdrug users truck driverstruck drivers pregnant womenpregnant women blood giversblood givers TIANJIN
14、 JILIN 中国艾滋病疫情情况(1995-2022.8)AIDS in China at the end of June,2003 截至截至20222022年年8 8月底，全国累计报告月底，全国累计报告HIVHIV感染者和艾滋病感染者和艾滋病病人病人218107218107例，其中艾滋病病人例，其中艾滋病病人5889358893例，累计报告死例，累计报告死亡亡1925819258例。例。20222022年新报告年新报告HIVHIV感染者和艾滋病病人感染者和艾滋病病人3223532235例，其中艾滋病病人例，其中艾滋病病人64356435例，死亡例，死亡30953095例。例。20222022
15、年年1 1-1212月和月和20222022年年1 1-6 6月，全国平均每月新报告感染者月，全国平均每月新报告感染者根本稳定在根本稳定在30003000人左右。人左右。At the end of August,2022,China had 218,107 At the end of August,2022,China had 218,107 reported HIVreported HIV-positive cases,accumulatively.positive cases,accumulatively.These included 58,893 fullThese included 5
16、8,893 full-blown cases and blown cases and 19,258 deaths.19,258 deaths.中国累积报告HIV感染者感染途径(1985-2003)Risk Factors for Cumulative HIV Infections in China,Blood/Products Others MTCT Blood Collection Hetero/Homo Sex 采血采血 9.4%9.4%不详不详 18.7%18.7%血液血液/血制品血制品 1.6%1.6%异性异性/同性同性 8.4%8.4%静注毒品静注毒品 61.6%61.6%母婴传播母婴传播 0.3%0.3%IDU 中国累计报告HIV感染者地区分布19952003.6 Geographic Distribution of Cumulative HIV Infections in China 1-100 101-500 501-1000 1001-5000 5001-10000 10000 HIV感染者数感染者数 HIV感染率与单采浆频率的关系 Infection and Fre