1、专题十一专题十一 情态动词情态动词 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有:must,can/could,may/might 2.既可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有:need 3.既可作情态动词也可作助动词的有:will/would,shall/should 4.具有情态动词某些特征的有:have to,had better,used to,be able to 考点突破 二、情态动词的特征 1.有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语。2.无人称和数的变化(have to例外,主语为第三人称单数时用has to)。如:We must stay here.我们必须待在
2、这里。He has to walk home.他不得不步行回家。3.后接动词原形。如:He can speak Japanese.他会说日语。4.具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否认句、疑问句及简明答语。如:Can we go home now,please 现在我们可以回家了吗 No,you cant.不,不可以。三、情态动词的用法(一)can和could的用法 1.表示能力,意为“能,会。如:Can you play basketball 你会打篮球吗 2.表示推测时,常用于否认句和疑问句中。如:It cant be Nicks.它不可能是尼克的。3.表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以,
3、相当于may。如:You can/may go now.你现在可以走了。注意:以can开头的一般疑问句,其肯定答复和否认答复分别用can和cant。4.could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力;could也可在疑问句中表示委婉地提出 请求。如:I could sing English songs when I was four years old.我四岁的时候就会唱英文歌曲。(二)may的用法 1.表示推测,意为“可能;也许,用于肯定句中。如:He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。2.表示请求、许可,意为“可以。如:May I come in我可以进来吗 注意:may表请
4、求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否认答复用mustnt 或cant,不用may not。3.表示祝愿。如:May you succeed!祝你成功!注意:can和may均可用来表示征求意见或请求许可,意为“可以,一般可互换 使用。(三)must的用法 1.表示说话人的主观语气,意为“必须。2.表示推测,意为“一定,一般用于肯定句。在疑问句和否认句中表推测时一 般应用can,否认句中也用may,但may not表示“可能不,而cant 表示“不可 能。在否认句中,mustnt表示“禁止,意为“千万不要。以must开头的疑 问句,肯定回容许用must;而否认答复那么常用neednt,意为“
5、不需要,不必,相当 于dont have to,而不能用mustnt。如:Theres someone knocking on the door.有人在敲门。It must be Jim.肯定是吉姆。Must I go home now 我现在必须回家吗 No,you neednt.不,不必。(四)对need词性的判断 need后加to do说明need为实义动词,用助动词提问或否认;假设need后加动词原形,那么need为情态动词,用need提问或否认。如:You neednt come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。You dont need to leave
6、now.你不必现在就走。(五)had better的用法 had better do sth.表示“最好做某事,否认式用:had better not do sth.。如:Youd better stay at home.你最好待在家里。(六)shall/should和will/would的用法 1.shall用于第一人称,表示征求意见、询问。如:Shall I open the window要我开窗吗 Shall we say 6 oclock,then 那么,我们就定在6点钟好吗 2.should常用来表示义务、责任。如:We should obey the traffic rules.我
7、们应该遵守交通规那么。3.will 用于第二人称,表示询问、请求,也可以表达现在的意愿。如:Will you pass me that book你能把那本书递给我吗 4.would 用来表示客气地请求别人做某事。如:Would you tell me the way to the station 你能告诉我去车站的路吗 四、几组情态动词的辨析 1.can/could和be able to的区别 词语 用法 例句 can/could 只用于一般现在时(can)和一般过去时(could)Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year,but now he can.吉姆去年不
8、会说汉语,但现在他会了。be able to 可用于多种时态 We will be able to come back next week.我们下 周能回来。2.can 和may表可能的区别(1)在肯定句中,用may表示可能。如:You had better ask that policeman.He may know.你最好问那个警察,他可能知道。(2)在否认句中,cannot/cant和may not的区别。词语 用法 例句 cannot/cant 语气肯定,意为“不可能”Mr Li cant be in the room.He has gone to Beijing.李先生不可能在房间里
9、,他去北京了。may not 语气不肯定,意为“可能不”Is John coming by train?约翰是坐火车来吗?He may not.He likes driving his car.可能不是。他喜欢开他的小汽车。3.must和have/has to的区别 4.cant和mustnt的区别 词语 用法 例句 must 表示主观意愿,意为“必须”We must study hard at school.在学校我们必须 努力学习。have/has to 用于强调客观需要,意为“必须,不得不”Well have to ask Zhang Hong.我们得去问张红。词语 用法 例句 cant
10、 表示否定推测,意为“不可能”He cant be Jim.他不可能是吉姆。mustnt 表示“禁止、不允许”,不能用来表推测 You mustnt play soccer in the street.你千万别在街上踢足球。一、单句填空 1.(2022河南)Jerry didnt pay me back,but he promised that he would this Sunday.2.(2022北京)Lily,can you finish the letter in ten minutes Yes,I can.3.(2022天津)You mustnt walk on the wet hi
11、ll path because you might fall and hurt yourself.4.(2022湖北武汉)Try this soupyou will like it.中考题组 Wow!This is delicious!5.(2022广东)Dirty air and water are harmful.They can kill plants,and even people.6.(2022安徽)The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light,so you neednt worry about i
12、ts weight.7.(2022新疆)David,could you please sweep the floor and take out the trash 8.(2022山东青岛)As middle school students,we should follow the public rules wherever we go.9.(2022江苏苏州)Some people dont show their talents at the very beginning.I agree.Even Einstein couldnt read until he was seven.10.(202
13、2甘肃兰州)The magazine must be Lucys.We can see her name on the cover.11.(2022四川成都)Is that Tom over there It cant be him.He is on the plane to Chengdu now.12.(2022浙江温州)We dont allow taking magazines out,but you can copy the article you need on the machine over there.13.(2022河南)Are you going to the cinem
14、a tonight I dont know.I might go or I might stay at home.14.(2022北京)I must go now,or Ill miss my train.15.(2022天津)Must I come before 6:30 tomorrow No,you neednt .There will be plenty of time.16.(2022广东)Yuan Longping,a famous Chinese scientist,is now doing research on sea rice.If farmers can start pl
15、anting rice in salty water,Chinas food supply will surely rise.17.(2022江苏苏州)She may be slow,but at least she doesnt make stupid mis-takes.18.(2022湖北武汉)Must you go Yes,Im afraid I really must .19.(2022河南)I dont care what people think.Well,you should .Youre not alone in this world.二、语篇填空(2022河南中考预测)阅读
16、短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思 完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。another carry control have life well so usual wild tree Animals are important in Indian culture and some are treated in a special way.For example,a lot of elephants arent 1 .They are domesticated(驯养).They arent kept as pets,but as working animals.Every working elephant 2 its own keeper.An elephant and its keeper meet for the first time when they are both young,and they grow up together.In fact,their relationship continues for the rest of the eleph