1、第 43 卷第 1 期2023 年 1 月Vol.43,No.1Jan.,2023环境科学学报Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae广州市大气污染特征及其典型环流形势分析云翔1,申冲1,2,王春林1,2,3,*,陈继奋1,裴成磊4,问楠臻1,张金谱4,蔡顺明1,邱晓暖4,周扬11.广州市气象局,广州 5101502.广州市气候与农业气象中心,广州 5114303.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海 5190824.广东省广州生态环境监测中心站,广州 510006摘要:基于20162019年空气质量监测数据、地面气象观测数据和中低层天气形势图,分析了广州市大气污染特
2、征及其典型环流形势特征,揭示了不同环流形势与污染物浓度之间的关系.结果表明:近年来广州市随着细颗粒物污染持续改善,空气质量优良率基本维持在80%及以上,但光化学污染问题逐渐凸显,O3已成为广州市大气污染的主要污染物.广州市大气污染季节变化明显,主要表现为秋、冬季更易出现大气污染,且多为持续性(5 d)污染.经过分型和统计,总结出10种典型500 hPa-850 hPa-地面环流型,分别为台风外围-台风外围-台风外围、副高边缘-反气旋环流-变形高压脊、副高边缘-反气旋环流-冷锋前、副高-偏南气流-均压场、副高-偏东气流-均压场、副高-反气旋环流-均压场、副高边缘-反气旋环流-冷高压脊、西风槽槽后
3、-反气旋环流-变性高压脊、副高-偏南气流-冷锋前、副高边缘-偏南气流-冷锋前.个例分析表明,这10种典型环流型可以概述最主要的广州大气污染环流形势,对空气质量预报有一定的指导作用.关键词:空气质量;大气污染;O3;环流分型;广州文章编号:0253-2468(2023)01-0216-13 中图分类号:X51,X16 文献标识码:AAnalysis of air pollution characteristics and its typical atmospheric circulation in GuangzhouYUN Xiang1,SHEN Chong1,2,WANG Chunlin1,2
4、,3,*,CHEN Jifen1,PEI Chenglei4,WEN Nanzhen1,ZHANG Jinpu4,CAI Shunming1,QIU Xiaonuan4,ZHOU Yang11.Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau,Guangzhou 5101502.Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center,Guangzhou 5114303.Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 5190824.Guangz
5、hou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510006Abstract:Based on the air quality monitoring data,ground meteorological observation data and the middle-low level weather charts from 2016 to 2019,The characteristics of air pollution in Guangzhou and its typica
6、l circulation situation were analyzed,and the relationship between different circulation situations and pollutant concentrations is revealed in the study.The results showed that:In recent years,with the continuous improvement of fine particle pollutants in Guangzhou,the excellent rate of air quality
7、 is basically maintained at 80%or above,but the problem of photochemical pollution was gradually highlighted,O3 has become the main pollutant of air pollution in Guangzhou.The air pollution changed obviously with seasons,main feature was that air pollution was more likely occur in autumn and winter,
8、and most of them are continuous process(5 days).10 typical circulation patterns of 500 hPa-850 hPa-ground were summarized by classification and statistics,which were typhoon edge-typhoon edge-typhoon edge,subtropical high edge-anticyclone-deformed high ridge,subtropical high edge-anticyclone-before
9、cold front,subtropical high-southern current-equal pressure field,subtropical high-eastern current-equal pressure field,subtropical high-anticyclone-equal pressure field,subtropical high edge-anticyclone-cold high ridge,behind western current-anticyclone-deformed high ridge,subtropical high-southern
10、 current-before cold front,subtropical DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2022.0415云翔,申冲,王春林,等.2023.广州市大气污染特征及其典型环流形势分析 J.环境科学学报,43(1):216-228YUN Xiang,SHEN Chong,WANG Chunlin,et al.2023.Analysis of air pollution characteristics and its typical atmospheric circulation in Guangzhou J.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
11、,43(1):216-228收稿日期:2022-08-31 修回日期:2022-10-18 录用日期:2022-11-15基金项目:广东省气象局科学技术研究项目(No.GRMC2021XQ04);广州市科技计划项目(No.202002020065);广东省科技计划项目(科技创新平台类)(No.2019B121201002);广州市气象学会科学技术研究项目(No.Z202006)作者简介:云翔(1991),女,工程师,E-mial:yunxianag_;*责任作者,E-mail:1 期云翔等:广州市大气污染特征及其典型环流形势分析high edge-southern current-before
12、 cold front.Case study showed that these 10 typical circulation patterns could describe most of the atmospheric pollution circulations in Guangzhou,which provided some guidance foe air quality prediction.Keywords:air quality;air pollution;O3;circulation patterns;Guangzhou1引言(Introduction)随着中国大城市的快速发
13、展,社会经济发展与大气污染问题的矛盾日渐突出,空气质量成为政府各部门、社会大众越来越关注的焦点.在过去的30年里,中国经济的大幅增长、快速的工业化和城市化造成了严重的大气污染(Chan et al.,2008;Fang et al.,2009;Gao et al.,2011;Liu et al.,2013;Zhao et al.,2013;Huang et al.,2014;Yang et al.,2015).长期的空气质量监测数据显示,大气污染已经成为社会性问题(Horton et al.,2012;Sheehan et al.,2014).气象条件对大气污染的影响已引起广泛关注,许多研究表
14、明气象条件的变化可能会 加剧大气污染并影响减排的效果(Jacob et al.,2009;Cai et al.,2017;Li et al.,2018;Zheng et al.,2018;2019).因此,充分了解不同大气环流和气象条件下空气污染形成机制具有十分重要的意义(Yim et al.,2019).已有研究表明,某一区域或城市的空气质量,特别是污染天气过程的持续时间,受到3个因素的影响:当地独特的地形地貌,空气污染物的排放规模,特定的大气环流背景场且气象条件对污染物的堆积有利(张国琏等,2010;陈龙等,2016).由于地形地貌的影响是相对固定的,所以区域或城市大气污染会持续加重,或继
15、续维持,或减弱消散,这主要受到人为排放(Zhang et al.,2009;Streets et al.,2001;Yang et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2015;Kelly et al.,2016;Liu et al.,2016;Wang et al.,2019;Su et al.,2019)和大气环流及气象条件(Yarnal,1993;刘超等,2017)的影响.大气污染物的排放规模与城市经济社会发展结构、污染治理技术水平及环境治理投入等密切相关,当大气污染物排放量为定常时,污染物的扩散和传输受大气驱动(姚懿娟等,2021),污染物浓度变化与风向、风速、温度、湿度及大气稳定
16、度等气象因素有关(Flemming et al.,1996;吴燊先等,2004;黄忠等,2005;徐晓峰等2005;樊文雁等,2009).湍流扩散、对流输送和大尺度平流也会影响污染物的逐日变化及长期趋势(王式功等,1998;苏福庆等,2004;Ding et al.,2004;2013;Zhang et al.,2011).影响不同地区大气污染的大气环流类型有所不同.最近有关大气环流模式对中国空气质量影响的研究主要集中在中国东部地区,包括华北平原(Zhang et al.,2012;Ye et al.,2016;Gao et al.,2016;Miao et al.,2017;王玫等,2019)、长江三角洲(Zheng et al.,2015;许建明等,2016;Liao et al.,2017;Shu et al.,2017;Yang et al.,2018;Liu et al.,2019)和珠江三角洲(Zhang et al.,2013;Han et al.,2018;肖钟湧等,2020;洪莹莹等,2021).在华北平原,大气污染与偏南的暖湿气流有关(Zhang et al.,20