1、阅读理解突破(三)推理判断题1推理判断题的提问方式(1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that_.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage(3)In which of the following publications (出版物) would this passage most likely be printed(4)The passage implies,but doesnt directly state tha
2、t_.(5)The writer suggests that_.(6)The author probably feels that_.(7)The author uses the example of.to show that_.(8)Whats the authors attitude toward.2推理判断题的解题策略(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理,千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。(2)如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论,也就不是正确答案。(3)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合,文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论,也不是正确答案。(4)如果某个选
3、项所表达的内容虽在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正确答案。(5)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,这有助于我们确定正确答案。(6)注意作者在文章中的措辞,比方作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rather等,那么常带有否认的口气。(7)某些过渡词如however,but,on the contrary,what is more等后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。3推理判断题类型及应对措施(1)数据推理解答此类题,关键是要善于捕捉有关数字信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意思和题意的根底上,运用自己的数学
4、知识,对其进行分析、推理,从而得出正确答案。(2)知识推理知识推理题是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的根底知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会根底知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。(3)逻辑推理逻辑结论是指严格根据文章所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出符合逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内容。解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实,然后按题意的要求进行推断。1Most children,even the youngest childr
5、en,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens (过敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for childrenA study finds that,contrary to many parents fears,owning cats or dogs does not increase a childs risk of developing allergies,an
6、d in fact,may actually protect them.The studys lead author,Dr. Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first
7、 years of life to those who were not.By using skinprick tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.Even more remarkable,children who had two or more dogs or cats ha
8、d an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exercise their immune systems early in life so that
9、theyre better able to resist allergic diseases later.“Theres something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response, saidDr. William Davis.And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats jus
10、t to reduce a childs allergy risk,they say if a family already has one or more animals,theres no need to get rid of them.1Why do the researchers feel “very surprised by the results of the studyABecause the results are contrary to their expectation.BBecause so many children are playing with cats and
11、dogs.CBecause parents are so much worried about their children.DBecause children with animals may develop allergies easily.答案A解析此题较易,文中第二段中的“contrary to many parents fears为关键词语,反映出结果与第一段中人们的一般认识相反,因此研究者感到惊奇,应选A项；选D的原因是因为根本就没有读懂文章,而把意思弄反了。2Compared with children who have pets,those who havent_.Awill
12、lose the chance to develop immune systemBmay suffer allergic diseases more oftenCwill reduce the harm from bacteriaDcan keep doctors away答案B解析本文主要是围绕接触带有过敏原的宠物是否平安展开的,由第二段“.,and in fact,may actually protect them.和第三段“.were not at greater risk.可知,应是接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较小,即不接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较大,应选B项；误选A项是由于
13、错误理解了倒数第二段；误选C项是由于没有正确理解全文,而是根据传统认识,即开头的观点作出的判断。3It can be inferred from the passage that_.Apets are illtreated by their ownersBless families would like to own cats and dogsCkeeping pets is a good way to keep children healthyDthe results of the study can make families with pets feel at ease答案D解析推理判断
14、题。该研究结果告诉人们小孩在早期与猫狗等动物接触不会影响他们的健康,从而使很多父母可以放心。2(2023全国,C)We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkeypox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from fore
15、ign animals is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are；were also bringing them closer to us.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksens pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I dont think its fair to have them as pets when we have such a lim