1、阅读理解突破(六)高分策略1快速读题,正确理解题干,定位关键词,带着问题读文章通过快速读题,确定题干中的关键词,即能够反映题干的中心信息或能表达题干最大特征的词,如时间、数字、专有名词、抽象名词、典型的形容词和副词以及中心动词等。把握题干中的关键词有助于有的放矢地阅读及确定正确答案。2运用正确的阅读策略,变速阅读文章,学会处理文中冗余信息在把握文章的中心时运用略读法(skimming),即仔细读文章的首尾段和中间段的首尾句；在寻找文中具体信息时可运用扫读法(scanning)。备考时,考生要学会变速阅读,即阅读时有所读有所不读。要慢读重点句、首尾段,特殊语言现象,含有题干关键词的句子,连续数行
2、并列或同义,作为解释、说明、类比的例子或细节。对于不涉及考题的句、段要快速阅读。3注意特殊语言现象,在含关键词的句子处标上记号特殊语言现象指文中表示因果、比拟、转折、举例等关系的语言现象。阅读时应留意表示这些关系的标志词,如连接词、副词、代词、介词短语、关系词、插入语等,它们在上下文中具有让步、转折、指代、递进、比照、列举、承上启下等作用,正确理解并掌握这些词汇的作用,对做阅读理解题大有好处。4注意正确项和干扰项的特点,回读全文,确定答案正确项的特点有：(1)正话反说；(2)肯定句变成双重否认句；(3)同义词替换；(4)表达角度转换,意思不变。干扰项的特点是：(1)绝对化,选项中出现绝对化的词
3、汇,如only,all,any,every,absolute,always,never等,此时应格外小心；(2)偷换概念,如扩大或缩小范围,要特别关注名词前有无限定词；(3)片面化,以偏赅全,以细节代主题等；(4)串段现象,如某题目考第二段内容,但把别的段落的信息放在选项中；(5)无中生有,如加上最高级或唯一性、虚假比拟、无关话题等。5利用排除法或题目间的内在逻辑关系来判断题目答案有些题目不能从文中某句话直接找到答案,而是涉及全文的多个句子或段落,这时可使用排除法。有些题目尤其是主旨题,如果利用排除法也难以解决,那么可利用题目之间的内在逻辑关系,即通过题目之间的关系来考虑。6合理猜想推敲生词考
4、生在阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些生词。这时,要沉着冷静,细心思考。有些生词可从构词法角度分析判断词义,多数生词可根据上下文来猜想其意义。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完,通过对全篇短文的理解,就很有可能猜想出生词的词义；其次还可以根据含有生词句子的前后句来猜想其真正含义。1(2023陕西,D)Brian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before the flight to Paris.He was wearing three shirts,a jacket,two pairs of socks,a pair of shorts,and
5、two pairs of jeans.He was carrying one small backpack,which was very full,but he didnt have any other luggage.Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight.He found Tony near the Air France counter.Tony gave him a roundtrip ticket and a small package.“Give this package to
6、 Jean Paul at the airport in Paris.He will have a sign with your name on it.I think you can find him easily,Tony said,“You dont have any luggage,right？“Only this backpack,Brian answered.“You said I could bring one carryon bag.“Thats right.One carryon bag is fine.Have a good trip.“Thanks.Is Brian a c
7、riminal(罪犯)？Not at all.He is an aircourier.And he paid only $110 for the roundtrip ticket to,the only way they can do this is to use an aircourier company.It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an aircourier,but it is quick.Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as aircourier
8、s.The number of tickets for the aircourier travel is growing by about 10 percen,aircourier travel isnt for everyone.But if you have very little money,you can be flexible(灵活的) about your travel plans,and dont mind wearing the same clothes for a week,it can be a great way to take a vacation!1Why was B
9、rian wearing so many clothes for his travelABecause they were the uniforms for aircouriers.BBecause that made him easier to be recognized.CBecause his backpack had no room for his clothes.DBecause he did not have any luggage with him.答案C解析此题中的关键词是第一段“He was carrying one small backpack,which was very
10、 full,.中的“full,可知应选C项；也可运用策略五,排除A和B,文中没有提到这样的信息；再根据文中“carrying one small backpack,可排除D项。因此只能选C项。2An aircourier is a person who _.Amanages a business company in foreign countriesBorganizes international flights for touristsCtravels around the world with cheap ticketsDdelivers papers and packages to f
11、oreign countries答案D解析慢读重点句,与题目无关的信息可以略读。此题中重点句为第六段中的“Aircouriers get cheap airline tickets.to foreign countries.由此可知应选D项；而误选C项的原因是由于对最后一段理解不透彻造成的。3Businesses choose the aircourier service because _.Ait costs less Bit is flexibleCit saves time Dit grows fast答案C解析带着问题读文章,在含关键词的地方标上记号。此题关键处应是倒数第二段“.,bu
12、t its quick.。由此可知应选C项。4One of the disadvantages of traveling as an aircourier is that he _.Acannot decide when and where to travelBcannot take any luggage with himChas to wear two pairs of jeansDsaves little money from the travel答案A解析回读全文可排除B；C项多了has to使意思发生了改变；再根据最后一段最后一句可知D项不对；因此推理出只能选A项。5The auth
13、or of the text mainly _.Adescribes the activities of a lawbreakerBsuggests an ideal way to travelCargues against the aircourier travelDtells us about a developing business答案D解析通读全文可知应是介绍一种新型的职业,应选D；A项和C项属于无中生有；B项过于片面化。2(2023北京,A)How I Turned to Be OptimisticI began to grow up that winter night when
14、my parents and I were returning from my aunts house,and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America.We were on the bus then.I was crying,and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me.I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for
15、 school children to which I listened every morning.I do not remember myself crying for this reason again.In fact,I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives.When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to seethe strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism,but the idea did not come to me at once.For the first two year