1、?A2.3:?HO?5“NSN1?eZ?Vg?$2?A?A?eZ?Vg?$oE,?=z?,3?n?p?,?wd?|?,gX?d|?.3$,r?5?n,?$.$,?O?B?,w?,?A5.ef5“?A?eZ?Vg?$31?OkXe?a11a1k00.ak1akk00c11c1kb11b1r.cr1crkbr1brr?=?a11a1k.ak1akk?b11b1r.br1brr?-A=a11 a1k.ak1 akk!,B=b11 b1r.br1 brr!,C=c11 c1k.cr1 crk!,K?/L?A0CB?=|A|B|.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$3f,?A0CB?/Qq?T?A:./?.d?A?
2、eZ19eZ?U?5?S?A?fff?.U,I,A?1eZ|,?eZ|,l?A?eZf?,r A wd?f?|?,?.df?|?.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$fX,pr A oA=a11a12a13a14a15a21a22a23a24a25a31a32a33a34a35,PA11=a11a12a13a21a22a23!,A12=a14a15a24a25!,A21=?a31a32a33?,A22=?a34a35?.A?f?,?2 2?A=A11A22A21A22!.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$f?,?,?.X,?A XeA=a11a12a13a14a15a21a22a23a24a25a31a32a33a
3、34a35,u,?2 3?A=B11B12B13B21B22B23!.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$?A Pmn,ooo?A w1?.?A w m 1 n?.111 A w m 1 1?.?A w 1 1 n?.?A1,A2,As?,?A=A1A2.AsO?,?f?.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$|?$J?y?$veK?A B.?A=A11A12A1sA21A22A2s.Ar1Ar2Ars,B=B11B12B1sB21B22B2s.Br1Br2Brs.Kk A B=C11C12C1sC21C22C2s.Cr1Cr2Crs,Cij=Aij Bij,i=1,2,r,j=1,2,s.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$?A
4、?A=A11A12A1sA21A22A2s.Ar1Ar2Ars k P,KkA=kA11kA12kA1skA21kA22kA2s.kAr1kAr2kArs,A0=A011A021A0r1A012A022A0r2.A01sA02sA0rs.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$?A?u B?1,A=A11A12A1sA21A22A2s.Ar1Ar2Ars,B=B11B12B1tB21B22B2t.Bs1Bs2Bst Aik?u Bkj?1.KAB=C11C12C1tC21C22C2t.Cr1Cr2Crt Ck=sXh=1AhBhk,=1,2,r,k=1,2,t.5“?A?eZ?Vg?$3?5?m?1?.555
5、fff?mmm?AAA?fff?333,mmm?fff?333mmm,UUU666?gggSSS.-A Pmn,B Pnp.?B?B=(B1,B2,Bp),AB ke?:AB=A(B1,B2,Bp)=(AB1,AB2,ABp).-A Pmn,B Pnp.?A 1A=A1A2.Am,kAB=A1BA2B.AmB.5“NSN1?eZ?Vg?$2?A?A-D=a11a1k00.ak1akk00c11c1kb11b1r.cr1crkbr1brr=A0CB!,A,B O k?r?_?,C r k?,0 k r?.y D _,_.)d|D|=|A|B|6=0 D _.-_?XWZY!,X,Y Ou A,B
6、?.5“?Au?A0CB?XWZY?=?EkEr?.,?,kAX=Ek,AW=0,CX+BZ=0,CW+BY=Er,d1,1?X=A1,W=A10=0,O“1n,1o?Z=B1CA1,Y=B1.5“?Au?XWZY?=?A10B1CA1B1?.AO/?C=0 k?A00B?1=?A100B1?AkO?A1A2.A?(:5“?Aek?O?A=A1A2.A,B=B1B2.BKkAB=A1B1A2B2.AB,A+B=A1+B1A2+B2.A+Bg,e A1,A_,KA1A2.A1=A11A12.A15“?A A1,A=1300014000001000002100031=A1000A2000A3,A1
7、=1314!,A2=1,A3=2131!uA1=A11000A12000A13=4300011000001000001100032.5“?A?A R?,y A=0?ATA=0.yyy 75w,?.Iy5.-A=(aij)mn,r?A U?A=(A1,A2,An),Aj=a1ja2j.amj,j=1,2,n.uAT=AT1AT2.ATn,ATj=(a1j,a2j,amj)5“?Al?ATA=AT1AT2.ATn(A1,A2,An)=(ATiAj)nn.ATA=0,ATjAj=a21j+a22j+a2mj=0,j=1,2,n.?a1j=a2j=amj=0,j=1,2,n,=A=0.5“?C?C_?
8、2.4?CHO?CNSN1?C?C2?3?C_?C?C_?C|?Cfff)5|x13x22x3=32x1+x24x3=9x1+4x2x3=7w,5|?X?O2?Xe132214141X?132321491417O2?e?5)?5|11?2?1?O?12,3?x1:x13x22x3=35x28x3=3x23x3=4r2+2r1,r3+r1132305830134?C?C?C_?C?x2,;$,?1213?:x13x22x3=3x23x3=45x28x3=3r2r313230134058312?5?13?x2:x13x22x3=3x23x3=423x3=23r3+5r213230134002323
9、13123:x13x22x3=3x23x3=4x3=1 123r3132301340011?C?C?C_?Cx13x22x3=3x23x3=4x3=1132301340011 x3=1,“?1112:x13x2=5x2=1x3=1r2+3r3,r1+2r3130501010011 x3=1,x2=1,“?11:x1=2x2=1x3=1r1+3r2100201010011?5|?)x1=2,x2=1,x3=1.?C?C?C_?C8Bo(3f)?Lw,|?enC:r?,?;p?;?,.)LA?5|?O2?,?uO2?enC:r1?,1?;p1?;?,1.nC?111CCC.?C?C?C_?C?1C
10、)O2?X?1C)5|,Lc?faq:A1=132321491417r3+r1 r2+2r1A2=132305830134r2r3 A3=132301340583r3+5r2 A4=13230134002323123r3 A5=132301340011r1+2r3 r2+3r3A6=130501010011r1+3r2 A7=100201010011?C?C?C_?C)5|2x1 x2 x3+x4=2x1+x2 2x3+x4=44x1 6x2+2x3 2x4=43x1+6x2 9x3+7x4=9.k?O2?21112112144622436979r1r2 r312112142111223112
11、36979r2r3 r32r1,r43r111214022200553603343r212 11214011100553603343?C?C?C_?C11214011100553603343r3+5r2 r43r211214011100002600013r3r4 r32r411214011100001300000r1r2 r2r3,r1r310104011030001300000ux1=x3+4x2=x3+3x4=3?C?C?C_?C1?F?*?f?11214011100001300000101040110300013000005z1?1?,xe?Fa.?1?F/?.?A:y?F,?e?(XJ
12、k?);?F?1,?=1?1,?F?1?,1?1?.?C?C?C_?C?e?1?F/?(1)13230134002323(2)11214021100000000033(3)100201010011(4)1121402110000470003300000?C?C?C_?C1/?e?1?F/?.10104011030001300000100201010011/w,1?F/?e,1/?,A:111?111?1,?333?.n?LeZg?1Cz?1?F/?,U?z?1/?.?C?C?C_?C?A=1131132522672456.?A z?1?F/?1/?.)1131132522672456r2r1
13、r32r1,r42r11131021400050214r4r2 1131021400050000?F/?,2z/?r212 r31511310112200010000r22r3,r1r3 r1r2107200112000010000?C?C?C_?C?C?cl)5|u?1C;d?C?Ik?;XJ?m5|,l?u,aq?C.?enC?1(?)C:(1)r1(?)?,1(?)?;(2)p1(?)?;(3)?,1(?).nC?111(?)CCC.?1C?C?C.?C?C?C_?Ce?A LeZg?(1,?)CC?B,K?A?B(1,?)?d.P A B.132321491417r3+r1 r2+2r
14、1132305830134c2+3c1 102305830134l?132321491417 132305830134 102305830134?C?C?C_?C?dX?dddXXX:?X,e v(1)g5:A A;(2)5:A B=B A;(3)D45:A B B C=A C,K?dX.K?d?dX.?dw,v(1)(3).?e5v(2):A C ri rj(ci cj)C B,K B C ri rj(ci cj)C A;A ri k C B,K B ri1kC A;A ri+k rjC B,K B ri+(k)rjC A.?C?C?C_?C?dIO/-A=21112112144622436
15、979,B=10104011030001300000.?A LeZg1?CC B,l?A B.?e5 B 2?1?C?3/?1z:10104011030001300000c3+c1+c2 10004010030001300000c54c13c2+3c3 10000010000001000000c3c4 10000010000010000000=J?J B?dddIIIOOO/.?C?C?C_?C?dIO/?/5L J,kJ=10000010000010000000=E000!?dIO/?A:IIIOOO/J?,?.n?AmnoL?CzIO/J=?Er000?mn.?C?C?C_?C?A=113
16、1132522672456.?A z?dIO/.)113113252267245611310214000502141000021400050214100002140005000010000200000500001000010000010000?C?C?C_?C1000010000100000?A?dIO/.?CNSN1?C?C2?3?C_?C?C_?Vgd?E Lg?C?.n?CAXn?.1?c,1,?1(?)?,1(?)e=?1CN?n?N/.?C?C?C_?P(i,j)?E?1 i 11 j 1,=ri rj,?P P(i,j):?C?C?C_?P(i,j)?m?P(i,j)l?Amn?(J?u?A 11?1C:r A?1 i 11 j 1N.?C?C?C_?P(i,j)?n?P(i,j)lmmm?Amn?(J?u?A 11?C:r A?1 i?1 j?N.?C?C?C_?P(i(c)c?E?1 i 1,?P P(i(c):?C?C?C_?P(i(c)?m?P(i(c)l?Amn?(J?u c?A?1 i 1.aq/,n?P(i(c)lmmm?Amn,(J?u c?A?1 i?.?