1、英语时间状语从句状语从句 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when when用作并列连词（正在那时，突然） We were about to start when it began to rain. I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door. on the point of doingwhen did had just done when (2) as as与延续性动词连用，侧重两个动作伴随发生,其时态一致： As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
2、 We were having breakfast as she _ ( watch )TV. (3) while while “在期间，与延续性动词连用，和主句的动作同时发生，常用三种时态。 1. While I was waiting at the bus stop, buses went by in the opposite direction. 2. While in prison, he wrote his first novel. 3. Shoes were mended while you waited. (4) before before“在之前 I had finished
3、my papers before my teacher went abroad. before “过时间之后才, 注意使用 _和_时态。 They worked long hours before everything returned to normal. 恢复正常 It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary. 还没来得及 The bell rang off before I could answer it. (5) as soon as “一 就 .， directly，immediately，instantly；the
4、instant (that)，the minute (that) ，the second (that) ，the moment (that)等通常都可与as soon as换用。 I recognized her immediately I saw her. (6) hardly.when / no sooner. than “刚就，从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时。注意倒装。 He had no sooner / No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again. We had hardly begun / Hardly had
5、 we begun our talk when it began to rain. (7) since 从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成 (进行) 时. Weve never met since we graduated from the college. What have you been doing since I met you last time It has been / is 3 years since he came back. 练习：It was evening _ he came back. It was in the evening _ he came back. (
6、8) till / until “直到时(为止)，till 不放在句首，until多用于句首。动词的延续性问题 Tom will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph. D course. 肯定句 I wont go with you until (till) I finish my homework. 否认句 Not until I failed in the exam did I realize I should study hard. 倒装 It was not until I failed in the exam that
7、I realized I should study hard. 在强调句中的倒装问题 (9) whenever / each time / every time / any time “每当；每次，可以换用。 Whenever / Every time / Each time I met her, she was studying. (10) by the time 与完成时连用 By the time (that) this letter reaches you, I will have left the country. By the time he was 10, he had lear
8、ned 10000 words. By the time you get this letter, I will be in Canada. ( Longman ) be动词可不用完成时 注意：By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records. (11) next time, the first time Next time you see me, I will have lost 10 pounds. The first time I met you, I knew we would be friends. 比较：That / It / T
9、his is the first time (that) I have been to London. For the first time 仅用作状语 (12) After Well arrive after you have left. 2. 地点状语从句 (1) where Where there is a will, there is a way. 含有条件意味 I found my books where I had left them. 注意：where除指具体地点外，还可表处境等抽象意义。 He said he was happy where he was. 处境很满意 Its
10、your fault that she is where she is. 她落到今天这个地步都怪你。 (2) wherever = everywhere, anywhere Wherever ( Everywhere / Anywhere ) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. Make a mark wherever you have any questions. 区别与其引导定语从句 Bamboos grow best in the south where its wet and rainy. 3. 原因状语从句 (1) because
11、 because表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句。用于答复why问句，语气最强。强调句中用because。被simply, just, only修饰时用because。 I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it. Just because I dont complain, people think Im satisfied. It was because his mother was ill that he didnt come to school. 小结：because 1 ._ 2._ 3._4._ (2) as 因为，
12、由于 As you were out, I left a message. (3) since 通常是双方信息，从句多位于主句之前。 Since you wont help me，Ill ask someone else. (4) now (that) “因为, 既然, 由于，通常可以和since换用。 其中that可省去，原因往往是已变化的情况。 Now (that) youve passed your test you can drive on your own. I do remember，now (that) you mention it. 你这一提，我倒确实想起来了。 (5) whe
13、n 既然，从句必须在后 How can they expect to learn anything when they never listen Why do you want a new job when you have got a good one already (6) seeing (that) ；considering（that）；Given that “鉴于；由于；考虑到 Seeing (that) the weather is bad，well stay at home. Considering hes only just started, he knows quite a l
14、ot about it. It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised taxes so much. (7) for 并列连词，不用于句首，对前面内容加以推断或解释 I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. Its morning now, for the birds are singing. 4. 目的状语从句 须与情态动词连用 (1) in order that “为了；以便 通常可以与so that换用。
15、 The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak (山峰) early. (2) so (that) ; so that “为了；以便。从句总是放在主句之后，so可视为so that的省略形式。 She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time. She stayed at home for a few days so that she might / could take care of his mother. (3) in case / for fear (that) 表示否认目的, “以免,“以防。 He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. Better take more clothes in case it rains. You probably wont need to call, but take my number, just in case. 5. 结果状语从句 so that 从句只能位于主句之后，中