1、 :/ fcrhjc / :/ tasclsb / :/ sdymdkj / :/ tamingda / 造纸工业废水的综合治理的几种方法1 造纸工业废水的来源及特点1 paper source and characteristics of industrial waste water 造纸工业是世界6大工业污染源之一,占我国工业总废水量的10%左右。造纸废水主要为高浓度有机废水,并含木素、残碱、硫化物、氯化物等污染物。其特点是废水量大,COD质量浓度高,废水中的纤维悬浮物多,而且含二价硫元素,色度高,有硫醇类恶臭气味。造纸废水主要有三个来源:制浆废液(黑液)、中段水、纸机白水。造纸废水会给周
2、围水体带来严重污染和生态环境的破坏。据近年统计资料介绍,全国制浆造纸工业污水排放量约占全国污水排放总量的10%12%,居第三位;排放污水中化学耗氧量(COD)约占全国排放总量的40%-45%,居第一位。造纸工业废水的严重污染和危害已经引起了人们的广泛关注。随着人们环保意识的不断增强,彻底解决造纸工业废水对环境的污染已迫在眉睫。Papermaking industry is one of the worlds six major industrial pollution sources, accounts for some 10% of the total amount of waste wat
3、er of Chinas industry. Papermaking wastewater mainly for high concentration organic wastewater, and contain lignin, the residual alkali, sulfide, chloride and other pollutants. Characterized by large amount of waste water, COD concentration, high fiber suspended solids in the wastewater, and contain
4、ing the bivalent sulfur, high chromaticity, mercaptan kind bad odor. Papermaking wastewater has three main sources: pulping waste liquor (black liquor), ZhongDuanShui, paper machine white water. Papermaking wastewater can bring serious pollution to water around and the destruction of the ecological
5、environment. According to recent statistics, national pulp and paper industry wastewater emissions accounted for about 10% 12% of total sewage discharge in the third; Discharge of chemical oxygen consumption (COD) accounted for about 40% of the national emissions - 40% in the first place. Serious po
6、llution and harm of papermaking wastewater has attracted widespread attention. Along with the people unceasing enhancement in environmental consciousness, completely solve paper industry waste water pollution to the environment is imminent. 在制浆(化学法)和造纸生产过程中主要产生三类废水:黑(红)液、中段废水和纸机白水。黑(红)液主要是蒸煮制浆废水,中段水
7、包括纸浆洗涤、筛选、漂白废水,纸机白水为抄纸车间废水。其中蒸煮废水的环境污染最严重,占整个造纸工业污染的90%。黑液的主要成分是木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、单糖、有机酸及氢氧化钠等,可以综合回收其中的有用物质;中段废水污染物复杂,含有较高浓度的木质素、纤维素和树脂酸盐等较难生物降解的物质成分,而且富含漂白阶段产生的对环境危害大的有机氯化物,具有很深的颜色和很大的毒性,pH为911,悬浮物1000mg/l左右,COD600-2500mg/1;抄纸废水,又称“白水,主要来自打浆、浆料的净化筛选和造纸机湿部。废水中的污染物主要包括悬浮固形物,如纤维、填料、涂料,以及溶解的木材成分、添加的湿强剂、防腐剂
8、等。(chemical method) in pulping and papermaking process mainly have three kinds of waste water: black (red) fluid, midcourse wastewater and paper machine white water. Black (red) fluid are mainly cooking pulping wastewater, ZhongDuanShui including pulp washing, screening and bleaching waste water, wa
9、ste paper machine white water is writing workshop. Including cooking wastewater pollution is most serious, accounting for 90% of the whole paper industry pollution. Is a major component of black liquor lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and simple sugars, organic acids, sodium hydroxide, etc., can co
10、mprehensive recovery of useful substances; Midcourse wastewater pollutants complex, containing relatively high concentrations of acid salt, cellulose and lignin resin, etc., are difficult to biodegradable material composition and high in bleaching stage of great damage to the environment of organic
11、chloride, with deep color and a lot of toxicity, pH for 9 11, suspended matter about 1000 mg/l, COD600-2500 mg / 1; Dipping paper waste water, also called white water, the main purification filter from pulping, pulp and paper machine wet end. Pollutants in wastewater is mainly including suspended so
12、lids, such as fibers, fillers, coating, and the dissolution of wood components, add wet strength agent, preservative, etc. 2 造纸工业废水处理的根本方法2 the basic ways of papermaking wastewater treatment 2.1 物理处理法2.1 physical treatment method 2.1.1 吸附法 吸附法是利用吸附剂巨大的比外表积,具有一定的吸附性能,对造纸废水中有机物进行别离,常用的吸附法有:黏土吸附法、粉煤灰吸附
13、法、活性炭吸附法和水解吸附法。活性炭广泛用于废水处理中作为吸附剂以去除引起气味的有机物。活性炭作为吸附剂的最大优点是能够再生(达30次或更屡次) ,而吸附容量却不会有明显的损失。2.1.1 absorption method, adsorption method is to use the adsorbent huge specific surface area, has certain adsorption, separation of organic matter in wastewater treatment in pulp and papermaking industry, adsor
14、ption method commonly used are: clay adsorption, the adsorption of fly ash, activated carbon adsorption and hydrolysis of adsorption. Activated carbon is widely used in wastewater treatment as adsorbent to remove organic compounds that cause odor. Biggest advantage is able to regenerate activated ca
15、rbon as adsorbent (up to 30 times or more times), and the adsorption capacity is not have obvious damage. 2.1.2 絮凝法 高分子絮凝剂具有良好的絮凝、脱色能力并且使用操作方便,主要分为合成的无机高分子絮凝剂、有机高分子絮凝剂和天然有机高分子絮凝剂三大类。一般来讲,絮凝剂的分子量越大,絮凝活性越高。2.1.2 macromolecule flocculant flocculation method has good flocculation, decolorizing ability a
16、nd use easy to operate, mainly divided into the synthesis of inorganic polymer flocculant, organic polymer flocculants and natural organic macromolecule flocculant three categories. In general, the higher the molecular weight of the flocculant, flocculating activity is higher. 2.1.3 电渗析技术 电渗析是一种以电位差为推动力,利用离子交换膜的选择透过性,从溶液中脱除或富集电解质的膜别离操作。在外加直流电场作用下,利用膜的选择透过性使黑液中阴、阳离子作定向迁徙,使木素在阳极析出,阴极区回收Na
