1、提 要科普插图在我国有着悠久的历史,它是将理性的文字内容转换为感性的艺术形式,具有独立的艺术价值。随着经济社会的发展,人们的价值观、审美观不断发生变化,阅读科普绘本已成为社会大众所喜爱的一种学习方式。科普插图是传播科技知识的有效途径,具有较高的实用价值。创作优秀的科普插图的意义不仅仅在于提高人们的科学素养,同时也要满足当前人们的审美需求。因此,科普插图表现方法的研究具有重要的现实意义。本次研究中就科普插图问题查阅了大量的国际国内文献资料,并结合所学专业知识做了深入的分析和研究,在此基础上,对我的作品湿地飞鸟的创作过程进行解析,通过插图视觉语言实现对“美”的展示,把对美的理解上升到人的精神层面,
2、直观响应“加快生态文明体制改革,建设美丽中国”的呼声。本文结合大连湿地的环境情况,对个人科普插图创作的思路与表现方法进行论述,目的是在了解目前湿地生态环境的基础上,将专业学术知识学以致用,探索如何更好的以插图的形式对当前湿地鸟类进行构思与创作。通过对科普插图湿地飞鸟的创作探究,提高对自然科学的认知,加深对前人研究理论的理解,积累个人创作经验,寻求创作中常识性与技术性问题的解决方法,为今后个人的创作实践提供一些方法与启示。本文大致分为四个部分:一、简要介绍科普读物插图的概况,对科普插图的发展现状和存在问题进行简单梳理。二、简单介绍取材背景和创作反思,目的在于为此后的创作实践提供科学的认识。三、阐
3、明了科普插图的创作过程及表现手法。四、简述了科普插图的社会作用。关键词:科普插图;表现方法;实践创作AbstractScience popularization illustration has a rich history in China. It transforms rational textual content into perceptual art form, which has an independent artistic value. With the development of economy and society, peoples values and aesthet
4、ics are constantly changing. Reading popular science books has become a favorite learning method for the public. Science popularization illustration is an effective way to disseminate scientific and technological knowledge, which has a high practical value. The meaning to create an excellent science
5、 popularization illustration is not only to improve the scientific literacy, but also to meet the current aesthetic needs. Therefore, the study of the techniques of expression of science popularization illustration has an important practical significance. In this study, we reviewed a large number of
6、 international and domestic literature on science popularization illustration. In addition, this thesis has conducted in-depth analysis and research in conjunction with its expertise. On this basis, the work Flying Birds in the Wetlands was analyzed from the creation process. Through the visual lang
7、uage of illustrations, the display of beauty was realized, the understanding to beauty was elevated to the spiritual level of the human being, and the appeal of speeding up the reform of the ecological civilization system and building a beautiful China was intuitively answered. This thesis combined
8、the environmental conditions of Dalian Wetland and discussed the ideas and techniques of expression of personal science popularization illustration. The purpose was to learn from the current wetland ecological environment and apply professional academic knowledge to practice, and explore how to conc
9、eptualize and create current wetland birds better in the form of illustrations. Through the exploration of the science popularization illustration Flying Birds in the Wetlands, it aimed to improve the understanding of the natural sciences and deepen the understanding of previous research theories an
10、d accumulate personal creative experience and seek solutions to common sense and technical problems in creation, as well as to provide some methods and enlightenment for personal creative practice. This thesis falls into four parts: I. A brief introduction to science popularization illustration and
11、a brief revision to the development status and problems of science popularization illustration. II. Briefly introducing the background and creative reflections, aiming to provide a scientific understanding of the creative practice afterwards. III. Clarifying the creation process and performance tech
12、niques of science popularization illustration. IV. A brief description of the social role of Science popularization illustration. Key words: Science popularization illustration; techniques of expression; practical creation 目录导 言1第1章 科普读物插图概况21.1科普插图的发展概述21.2科普插图的现状分析4第2章 科普插图的创作理念42.1创作灵感42.2创作反思5第3
13、章 科普插图的创作方法63.1 创作中的构思构图63.1.1创作中的形态塑造63.1.2科学与实际的结合63.2绘画语言的运用73.2.1水彩形式的表现73.2.2钢笔形式的表现73.3创作情感的表达8第4章 科普插图的社会作用94.1作为有形的产品而宣传94.2贴切公益类活动而推广9结 语10参考文献11大连湿地鸟类的科普插图表现方法研究导 言清人叶德辉在书林清话中提及到:“吾谓古人以图书并称,凡有书必有图。”由此可见,插图与文字是相辅相成的,它们共同记载着优秀的人类文化成果。作为一种传递知识信息的艺术形态,插图不仅仅是依附图书中的内容而存在,更多的是满足人们越来越高的审美需求。纵观科普类插
14、图的发展历史,无一不透露科学性与艺术性二者的融合,也是理性与感性的结合。说它具有一定的科学性和技术性,并不是忽略其中的艺术内涵。若只是一味的解释科学文本资料而忽视了美学价值,科普插图这颗珍珠终将因缺少艺术的滋养而大失光泽。这意味着不仅要重视科学性和技术性,还要融合作者想要表达的思想感情,通过一定的直观艺术手法幻化出来,让读者在潜意识中熟悉科普知识的同时,在视觉上享受一个丰富多彩的精神盛宴。因此,这就要求插图作者具备较高的科学文化素养,以严谨的研究态度充分了解创作题材和相关参照资料,并结合实际注入全新的主体意识,采取适当的艺术表现形式进行创作。本次课题研究中,以大连湿地的生态环境为切入点,详细阐
15、述了湿地鸟类科普插图的创作理念与表现手法,并对科普插图的社会作用进行一定的剖析。第1章 科普读物插图的概况1.1科普插图的发展概述“插图”是给文字做的附图,目的是解释文字的内容,增加文字的视觉感,也为出版物增加艺术氛围。1 王受之,美国插图史,中国青年出版社,2002年,第6页我们通常认为的“插图”,实际可以划分为两个最基本的类别:一种是艺术性插图;另一种是技术性插图。一般来说,科普插图的创作大多采用技术性插图的形式。技术性插图,是指为科学技术和体育之类的教科书等书籍所作的结构、解剖、动作、步骤等说明和示意性的插图。2 刘丰杰,插图艺术,山西教育出版社,2008年,第9页与艺术性插图相比,科普
16、插图对科学认识的要求更高,专业性和理论性更强。很长一段时间内以来,不同时期的插图形式都反映了当时的社会环境和生活情况,提炼了当地浓厚的风土人情,与文化意识、民族信仰、审美观念等因素相融合,作品凝结了创作者的智慧结晶,同时也是全人类的文化财富。早在原始社会,我们的祖先就对自然有了一定认识,他们用插图的形式将当时无法用自然科学解释的客观现象描绘出来,亦或是表现一种氏族的图腾崇拜,亦或是一种祈求愿望和美好的想象。例如,新石器时代的人面鱼纹彩陶(附图1-1)就充分体现了当时人们对于复杂形态的自然世界有了一定认识,以简单的几何形体概括了人与动物的特征,使纹样具有浓厚的装饰色彩,表现了人们祈祷渔猎收获和战胜自然的决心。图1-1:人