1、此资料由网络收集而来，如有侵权请告知上传者立即删除。资料共分享，我们负责传递知识。初中生3分钟英语演讲稿：我的父亲xample, one half of the carbon equation is how much we emit, and the other half of the carbon equation, as i'm very conscious as a trustee of kew, is how much things soak up, and they soak up carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.虽然听来颇像。问题的
2、关键是我们花了很多钱 来教育群众，我们应该正确地来做这件事。 其中也有一些社会因素 让我们想使群众了解光合作用如何运作 例如，有一半的碳储量是人类排放的 而另一半碳储量 我相当关切，身为皇家植物园的受托管理人that's what plants actually do for a living. and, for any finnish people in the audience, this is a finnish pun: we are, both literally and metaphorically, skating on thin ice if we don't
3、understand that kind of thing.now, here's how you do the battery and the bulb. it's so easy, isn't it of course, you all knew that. but if you haven't played with a battery and a bulb, if you've only seen a circuit diagram, you might not be able to do that, and that's one of
4、the problems.是植物吸收多少二氧化碳 植物就是以此维生的 如果在场有芬兰人，这是芬兰话的双关语 我们无论在实际上或隐喻上，都是如履薄冰 要是我们不明白那些事 电池和灯泡只要这要做就行 很简单，不是吗你们都懂了 但要是你没有亲手碰过电池和灯泡 如果你只看过电路图 你可能就做不出来，这是个麻烦so, why is it hotter in summer than in winter we learn, as children, that you get closer to something that's hot, and it burns you. it's a ve
5、ry powerful bit of learning, and it happens pretty early on. by extension, we think to ourselves, &why it's hotter in summer than in winter must be because we're closer to the sun.& i promise you that most of you will have got that. oh, you're all shaking your heads, but only a few of yo
6、u are shaking your heads very firmly.那么，为何夏天比冬天热 我们从小就知道，离热的东西太近 你就被烫到，这真很有效的教育方法 很小的时候大家就学到了 延伸这个论点，我们觉得夏天比冬天热 一定是因为我们离太阳比较近 我相信大多人都懂了 哦，大家都在摇头 不过只有几个人摇得很坚决other ones are kind of going like this. all right. it's hotter in summer than in winter because the rays from the sun are spread out more,
7、right, because of the tilt of the earth. and if you think the tilt is tilting us closer, no, it isn't. the sun is 93 million miles away, and we're tilting like this, right it makes no odds. in fact, in the northern hemisphere, we're further from the sun in summer, as it happens, but it m
8、akes no odds, the difference.其他人只是这样子摇而已，好吧 夏天比冬天热是因为太阳的辐射线 传播得比较多，地球倾斜的关系 如果你以为是朝太阳的方向倾斜，那就错了 太阳离地球1亿5千万公里，地球倾斜角度大概如此 倾斜不是差异所在，在北半球 夏天时我们离太阳更远 跟倾斜没有关系ok, now, the scribble of the diagram of the solar system. if you believe, as most of you probably do, that it's hotter in summer than in winter b
9、ecause we're closer to the sun, you must have drawn an ellipse. right that would explain it, right except, in your - you're nodding - now, in your ellipse, have you thought, &well, what happens during the night&好，问题四是画出太阳系的平面图 如果大家相信，大多数可能都相信 夏天比冬天热是因为地球离太阳较近 大家应该都画了椭圆形 对吧这就能解释了吧 除非，你点头了，你画了
10、个椭圆形 你有想过，夜晚又是怎么回事between australia and here, right, they've got summer and we've got winter, and what - does the earth kind of rush towards the sun at night, and then rush back again i mean, it's a very strange thing going on, and we hold these two models in our head, of what's righ
11、t and what isn't right, and we do that, as human beings, in all sorts of fields.澳洲和美国这边，澳洲是夏天 这边是冬天，难道说 地球在晚上会冲向太阳 然后再冲回来这实在很奇怪 我们脑中有两种思考模式，对的和错的 身为人类，我们在很多领域都这样思考so, here's copernicus' view of what the solar system looked like as a plan. that's pretty much what you should have on yo
12、ur piece of paper. right and this is nasa's view. they're stunningly similar. i hope you notice the coincidence here.左边是哥白尼画的太阳系平面图 跟你们纸上画的差不多，对吧 右边是nasa的版本，两张图非常相似 我希望大家注意其中的巧合 要是你知道人们有错误观念what would you do if you knew that people had this misconception, right, in their heads, of elliptical
13、 orbits caused by our experiences as children what sort of diagram would you show them of the solar system, to show that it's not really like that you'd show them something like this, wouldn't you it's a plan, looking down from above. but, no, look what i found in the textbooks. that
14、's what you show people, right你会怎么做 在他们脑中，楕圆形的轨道 是他们儿时经验教的吗 你会给他们看什么样的太阳系示意图 证明太阳系不是他们想的那样 你会给他们看这种图吗 这是俯瞰的平面图 可是并非如此，瞧瞧我在教科书里找到的 你会给他们看这种图对吧these are from textbooks, from websites, educational websites - and almost anything you pick up is like that. and the reason it's like that is because
15、it's dead boring to have a load of concentric circles, whereas that's much more exciting, to look at something at that angle, isn't it right出自教科书 出自小编站 你找得到的几乎都是这种图 会以这种视角呈现是因为 只有一堆同心圆太死板无趣 从这种视角看太阳系比较新鲜刺激 不是吗and by doing it at that angle, if you've got that misconception in your hea
16、d, then that two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional thing will be ellipses. so you've - it's crap, isn't it really as we say.因为弄成这种视角 如果你脑中有了这种误解 用二度空间来呈现三度空间就会变成椭圆形 这真是糟糕，可不是吗so, these mental models - we look for evidence that reinforces our models. we do this, of course, with matters of race, and politics, and everything else, and we do it in science as well. so we look, just look - and scientis
