1、法律英语之民事局部 法律渊源 source of law 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 一般法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原那么法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法
2、natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 一般法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 英吉利法 English law 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastica
3、l law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律标准 norm of civil law 授权标准 authorization norm 禁止标准 forbidding norm 义务性标准 obligatory norm 命令性标准 commanding norm 民法根本原那么 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原那么 principle of equality 自愿原那么 principle of free will 公平原那么 principle of justice 等价有偿原那么 principle of
4、equal value exchange 老实信誉原那么 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 act 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利才能 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 恳求权 right of claim 物上恳求权 rig
5、ht of claim for real thing 构成权 right of formation 撤销权 right of claiming cancellation 否认权 right of claiming cancellation 解除权 right of renouncement 代位权 subrogated right 选择权 right of choice 成认权 right of admission 终止权 right of termination 抗辩权 right of defense 一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权 per
6、manent counter-argument right 不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right 期待权 expectant right 专属权 exclusive right 非专属权 non-exclusive right 人身权利 personal right 人权 human right 人格权 right of personality 生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right
7、 of name 名称权 right of name 肖像权 right of portraiture 自由权 right of freedom 声誉权 right reputation 隐私权 right of privacy 私生活机密权 right of privacy 贞操权 virginity right 身份权 right of status 亲权 parental power; parental right 亲属权 right of relative 探视权 visitation right 配偶权 right of spouse 荣誉权 right of honor 权利的保护
8、 protection of right 公力救济 public protection 私力救济 self-protection 权利本位 standard of right 社会本位 standard of society 无责任行为 irresponsible right 正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为 act of defence 自为行为 self-conducting act 紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity 自助行为 act of self-help 不可抗力 force majeure 意外
9、事件 accident 行为才能 capacity for act 意思才能 capacity of will 民事行为 civil act 意思表示 declaration of intention 意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为才能 perfect capacity for act 限制行为才能 restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person 保佐 protection 自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own
10、capacity 无行为才能 incapacity for act 禁治产人 interdicted person 自然人 natural person 公民 citizen 住所 domicile 居所 residence 经常居住地 frequently dwelling place 户籍 census register 监护 guardianship 个体工商户 individual business 农村承包运营户 leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership 合伙人 partner 合伙协议 partnership agreement 合伙财
11、产 property of partnership 合伙债务 debt of partnership 入伙 join partnership 退伙 withdrawal from partnership 合伙企业 partnership business establishment 个人合伙 partnership 法人合伙 partnership of legal person 特别合伙 special partnership 一般合伙 general partnership 有限合伙 limited partnership 民事合伙 civil partnership 隐名合伙 sleep
12、ing partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship 法人 legal person 企业法人 legal body of enterprise 企业集团 group of enterprise 关联企业 affiliate enterprise 个人独资企业 individual business establishment 国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合
13、作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization 财团法人 legal body of financial group 联营 joint venture 法人型联营 association of legal persons 合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative 民事法律行为 civil legal act 单方民事法律行
14、为 unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act 多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act 有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act 诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal a