1、 Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service API STANDARD 560THIRD EDITION,MAY 2001 Fired Heaters for GeneralRefinery Service Downstream Segment API STANDARD 560THIRD EDITION,MAY 2001 SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature.With respect to partic-ular circumsta
2、nces,local,state,and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers,manufacturers,or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees,and others exposed,concerning healthand safety risks and precautions,nor undertaking their obliga
3、tions under local,state,or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer,the manufacturer orsupplier of that material,or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in
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5、ent of letters patent.Generally,API standards are reviewed and revised,reaffirmed,or withdrawn at least everyfive years.Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle.This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as anoperativ
6、e API standard or,where an extension has been granted,upon republication.Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Downstream Segment telephone(202)682-8000.A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually and updatedquarterly by API,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.
7、20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard.Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning
8、 the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20005.Requests for permission to reproduce ortranslate all or any part of the material published herein should also be ad
9、dressed to the gen-eral manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,sound engineer-ing and operating practices.These standards are not intended to obviate the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutiliz
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11、uirements of that standard.API does not represent,warrant,or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved.No part of this work may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordin
12、g,or otherwise,without prior written permission from the publisher.Contact the Publisher,API Publishing Services,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20005.Copyright 2001 American Petroleum Institute FOREWORD API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.Every effort has been made bythe Inst
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14、n of any federal,state,or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conflict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20005.iii CONTENTS Page 1GENERAL.11.1Scope.11.2Alternative Desi
15、gns.11.3Conflicting Requirements.11.4Definition of Terms.11.5Nomenclature.41.6Normative Codes and Standards.41.7Informative Codes and Standards.81.8Proposals.91.9Documentation.92DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .102.1Process.102.2Combustion.112.3Mechanical.113TUBES.113.1General.113.2Extended Surface.133.3Mater
16、ials.134HEADERS.134.1General.134.2Plug Headers.134.3Return Bends.144.4Materials.155PIPING,TERMINALS,AND MANIFOLDS.155.1General.155.2Allowable Movement and Loads.165.3Materials.166TUBE SUPPORTS.166.1General.166.2Loads and Allowable Stress.176.3Materials.177REFRACTORIES AND INSULATION.187.1General.187.2Brick and Tile Construction.187.3Castable Construction.197.4Ceramic Fiber Construction.207.5Multicomponent Lining Construction.217.6Materials.218STRUCTURES AND APPURTENANCES.218.1General.218.2Struct
